From Blood to Bone—The Osteogenic Activity of L-PRF Membranes on the Ex Vivo Embryonic Chick Femur Development Model

Abstract

(1) Background: To evaluate the effects of the direct and indirect contact of leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) on bone development, in an ex vivo embryonic chick femur model. (2) Methods: Both sections of L-PRF membranes (red and yellow portions) were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy and histochemical staining. The in vivo angiogenic activity was evaluated using a chorioallantoic membrane model. The osteogenic activity was assessed with an organotypic culture of embryonic chick femora through direct and indirect contact, and assessment was conducted by microtomographic and histological analysis. Descriptive statistics, One-Way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests were performed for datasets that presented a normal distribution, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed for non-parametric datasets. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. (3) Results: The L-PRF induced angiogenesis reflected by a higher number and a larger and more complex gauge in the vessels that invaded the membrane. The physical presence of the membrane over the bone (direct contact) unleashes the full potential of the L-PRF effects on bone growth enhancement. The greatest increase in mineral content was observed in the diaphysis region. (4) Conclusion: The L-PRF direct contact group presented higher values on mineral content for bone volume, bone surface and bone mineral density than the indirect contact and control groups.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Fluorapatite Coatings over Titanium Implants for Enhanced Osseointegration—An In Vivo Study in the Rabbit

“…This technique allows a nondestructive 3D imaging and morphometric analysis of the bone tissue with a very high resolution. Attained datasets can be used to reconstruct the implant and neighboring bone tissue, further characterizing tissue parameters in a given region of interest [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. This allows the feasible analysis of bone tissue 3D parameters (e.g., bone volume (BV), bone volume ratio (BV/TV)), and 2D parameters (e.g., bone surface (BS)).…”

Integrative tissue, cellular and molecular responsiveness of an innovative ex vivo model of the Staphylococcus aureus‐mediated bone infection

“…18 It has been used to characterize the bone tissue response in physiological and pathological experimental settings, as well as within the frame of distinctive bone healing therapeutic approaches. 19,23,[27][28][29][30] Nonetheless, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this model has not been previously characterized in the presence of bacterial infection, and neither have other all-bone organotypic tissue infection models been previously reported.…”

“…The embryonic chick femur organotypic model is a reliable high‐throughput tool with rapid development that allows the characterization of distinct bone tissue‐related cell populations in the native environment, with the capability to respond translationally to a variety of stimuli 18 . It has been used to characterize the bone tissue response in physiological and pathological experimental settings, as well as within the frame of distinctive bone healing therapeutic approaches 19,23,27–30 . Nonetheless, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this model has not been previously characterized in the presence of bacterial infection, and neither have other all‐bone organotypic tissue infection models been previously reported.…”

Ex Vivo Osteogenesis Induced by Calcium Silicate-Based Cement Extracts

“…The culture conditions are quite simple involving only a standard culture medium without fetal bovine serum supplementation, as it is normally required for cell cultures, thus avoiding the differences in the batch and commercial sources, providing better correlation between studies. This ex vivo model has been used to address a large variety of bone-related setups [ 37 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 51 , 52 ].…”

“…In previous work, the research team reported the suitability of the embryonic chick femur model to address the osteogenic potential of MTA-based endodontic cements [ 37 ]. This system has proven to be a useful model in bone-related biology to address development, regeneration, and response to external stimuli [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. In this model, 11th-day embryonic femurs were cultured ex vivo at the air/liquid interface.…”