From Carasovan to Croat: The ‘Ethnic Enigma’ of a (Re)Invented Identity in Romania

Creţan, Remus; Kun, Paul; Vesalon, Lucian

doi:10.1080/19448953.2014.943936

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Park 2002C. Park , 2005, connecting it to (ethnic) cultural proximity (Berceanu et al 2023;Creţan et al 2014) and elections (Barsanuc et al 2021;Doiciar and Creţan 2021), as well as to specific concepts of space, place and identity that frame new landscapes and spatial patterns and often relate to new paradigms for various problematizing dialogues on religious backgrounds and religion from a geographic perspective (Stump 2008;Knott 2008;Tong et al 2021;Yorgason and della Dora 2009;Berceanu et al 2023;Yang and McPhail 2023). As regards religion geographies, Romania remains an interesting European spatial sample, with certain dynamic religious patterns framed both during past layers of time and in recent post-socialist decades with interesting, real diversity, which will briefly be investigated in the next section.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can Digital Maps of Religions Inform Us about Fractionalization and Polarization in Post-Communist Romania?

Rotaru,

Creţan,

Jucu

et al. 2024

Religions

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This study explores religious diversity in Romania and how the trends of indices of religious fractionalization and polarization manifest at the county level in a post-communist period. The county level was selected as the relevant level for analysis due to its more clearly visible spatial dynamics with regard to religions. Recent studies have revealed that the erosion of diversity is an important aspect for any country and needs to be considered as an important aspect of democracy. This paper highlights how digital mapping of religious polarization and fractionalization in Romania has been generally maintained, although the regions of Transylvania, Banat, Dobrogea and Western Moldova remain areas in which there are different religions. Other than the general aspect of religious diversity depending on ethnic trends, there has been a rise of Pentecostals and Baptists at the county level. This aspect has further implications for our study, which calls for creating new institutions for dialogue between majority Orthodox communities and Protestants, not only so that potential conflicts do not appear between Orthodox and emerging religious communities but also to ensure objective, cultural, religious coherence. Our maps revealed the distribution patterns and the temporal evolution of religious denominations for the 1992–2011 period. The major line of originality in our research rests in the findings that after conducting a bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis of religious fractionalization and polarization, we were able to identify two distinct clusters with spatial overlap over historical provinces.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can Digital Maps of Religions Inform Us about Fractionalization and Polarization in Post-Communist Romania?

Rotaru,

Creţan,

Jucu

et al. 2024

Religions

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“…Croats can be found in Romania in the counties of Caraş-Severin and Timis. Their colonisation also took place in successive waves in the 13th-14th centuries, and they were known as Caras , oveni [85]. The dialect spoken by the Caras , oveni was the Kosovo-Resava dialect [86].…”

Section: A Brief Historiography Of Ethnicities In Romaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the Croats in Romania are descendants of the Slavicized Vlachs of Bosnia [87]. Today, most of the Caraşoveni claim to be Croats [85]. They are of the Roman Catholic religion [88].…”

Section: A Brief Historiography Of Ethnicities In Romaniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnicities in Post-Communist Romania: Spatial Dynamics, Fractionalisation, and Polarisation at the NUTS-3 Level

Rotaru

Creţan

Ianăş

2023

Land

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Scholars have shown a special interest in discovering and studying the role of ethnic diversity and spatiality at the country and region levels. This study contributes to the theoretical debate on the spatial dynamics of ethnicities, with the aim of (1) determining the evolution of ethnic dynamics in post-communist Romania and (2) applying ethnic fractionalisation and polarisation indices. The study uses a mixed methods approach based on a descriptive statistics analysis and applies the fractionalisation and polarisation indices to Romania’s NUTS-3 (i.e., county) level. The findings suggest that the ethnic spatial dynamics in post-communist Romania have shown a decrease in all ethnicities due to migration and low birth rates, with the exception of the Roma ethnicity, for whom the trend is increasing. Additionally, polarisation and fractionalisation indices have different evolutionary manifestations depending on the dynamics of the ethnic groups present in certain geographical areas. Although neither of the two analysed indices has witnessed profound change at the spatial level, these small changes in spatial and short-term ethnic diversity can help us advance knowledge about co-existence in ethnically diverse societies. Higher values of the two indices are obvious in several counties where ethnic Hungarians cohabitate with Romanians and other ethnicities. This discovery can inform policy-makers to implement more policies for the further peaceful co-existence of Hungarians, Romanians, and other ethnic groups in Transylvania and other western counties in Romania. Furthermore, as the population growth trend for the Roma ethnicity is upward, Romania has to implement proper policies and build better government infrastructure to counter social inequality against the Roma people. This will help curb potential conflicts between the Roma and other ethnic groups at the local level. Finally, as most ethnicities decreased in number in post-communist times, further attention needs to be paid to the erosion of ethnic diversity in Romania because this could have a negative impact on economic development, social trust, and democracy.

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“…So, there are examples worldwide where certain ethnic groups could choose their identity based on political changes. For example, based on a study about the Carasovan identity in Romania (Crețan et al 2014), for the ethnic group of Carasovans it was important that Zagreb was designated the capital city of the newly state Croatia in 1991, because the formerly Yugoslavia's capital was Belgrade. This political change influenced the Catholic Carasovans to take a shift in their self-identification from Serbian to Croatian in the early 1990s (Crețan et al 2014).…”

Section: Theoretical Foundation and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necessity Determination of Relocating the Capital City With a Defensive Planning Approach

ZALI¹,

MOUSAVI²,

HEKMATNIA³

et al. 2022

JURA

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The purpose of this study is to determine the necessity of moving the capital and its impact on economic, social, and environmental aspects with a defensive planning approach. Data collection tools are statistical documents and questionnaires. Indices examined contain 26 demographic, economic, environmental, infrastructure, health, and security-defense indices. To analyze the data, the statistical methods of spatial autocorrelation of Moran and Ripley's K function were used. The results show that centralization in the demographic, economic, and political dimensions of Tehran as capital city, along with the natural threats and crises such as floods and earthquakes, has led to underdevelopment and environmental issues. In addition, the unequal distribution of services in the provinces of the country and the centralization of services and facilities in the capital has raised the need to move the capital as a strategy. In this strategy, the government should pay more attention to the country's macroeconomics, especially the per capita GDP, including as well long-term forecasts and development plans for the provinces because only macroeconomic stability can lead to more stable economics in all parts of the country. Under such circumstances, any policy regarding the relocation of the capital will be easier in the future, and the economic and political stability of the country will not be disrupted.

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From Carasovan to Croat: The ‘Ethnic Enigma’ of a (Re)Invented Identity in Romania

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

How Can Digital Maps of Religions Inform Us about Fractionalization and Polarization in Post-Communist Romania?

How Can Digital Maps of Religions Inform Us about Fractionalization and Polarization in Post-Communist Romania?

Ethnicities in Post-Communist Romania: Spatial Dynamics, Fractionalisation, and Polarisation at the NUTS-3 Level

Necessity Determination of Relocating the Capital City With a Defensive Planning Approach

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