From Cases to Capacity? A Critical Reflection on the Role of ‘Ethical Dilemmas’ in the Development of Dual-Use Governance

Edwards, Brett; Revill, James; Bezuidenhout, Louise

doi:10.1007/s11948-013-9450-7

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The case of perceived risks from dual-use research illustrates the various levels on which publishing pressures can operate. In this case, participants cited both a positive and negative impact of the controversy over dual-use research on publishing results from these lines of research (Edwards, Revill & Bezuidenhout, 2014). While existing or potential publishing restrictions may have discouraged some researchers from pursuing these lines of research, the visibility (as measured both by citations and other metrics such as tweets) received by those studies may also have made them attractive to top journals.…”

Section: The Academic Reward System: Publishing and Fundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of avian influenza, the most well-known is dual-use research, commonly associated with "gain-of-function" experiments, whereby viruses undergo mutations in a laboratory setting (for example, Herfst et al, 2012), leading to, some argue, a safety risk for the general public. Since 2011, this has been an object of intense technical, ethical and policy debate, with significant implications for the governance of research (Edwards, Revill, & Bezuidenhout, 2014;Suk, Bartels, Broberg, Struelens, & Ozin, 2014). Others hinted at control measures arising from flu research that might have an unacceptably adverse effect on livelihoods.…”

Section: Narratives Of Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shaping the Agenda of a Grand Challenge: Institutional Mediation of Priorities in Avian Influenza Research

Wallace¹,

Ràfols²

2015

SSRN Journal

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Since outbreaks in 2003, avian influenza has received a considerable amount of funding and become a controversial science policy issue in various respects. Like in many so-called "grand challenges", a variety of perspectives have emerged over how to "tackle" avian influenza and public voices have expressed concern over how research funds are being allocated. In this article we inquire into the priorities of avian influenza research. We use qualitative and quantitative data to examine the relations between societal demands for public science and the existing "research landscape". Interviews of a cross-section of stakeholders revealed a diversity of perspectives on existing research and its desired outcomes, and a generalized difficulty to explicitly connect the two. We also observed a lack of a common understanding of priorities for conducting and applying research. Rather than well-defined research agendas, we found that most public avian influenza research is shaped by three institutional contexts: pharmaceutical industry priorities, publishing and public research funding pressures, and the mandates of international and national science-based policy or public health organizations. Our results are significant for informing not only resource allocation issues, but also a broad perspective of research governance that explicitly takes into account underlying incentive structures when defining priorities.

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Section: The Academic Reward System: Publishing and Fundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Narratives Of Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping the Agenda of a Grand Challenge: Institutional Mediation of Priorities in Avian Influenza Research

Wallace¹,

Ràfols²

2015

SSRN Journal

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“…Whereas the ‘ethical dilemma framing’ of DURC might be useful in specific contexts, such as education and awareness-raising, it has considerable shortcomings [ 31 ]. Firstly, the ‘ethical dilemma framing’ does not mirror the way in which the dual use issue is experienced and responded to by the scientific community.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dual use of research ethics committees: why professional self-governance falls short in preserving biosecurity

Salloch

2018

BMC Med Ethics

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BackgroundDual Use Research of Concern (DURC) constitutes a major challenge for research practice and oversight on the local, national and international level. The situation in Germany is shaped by two partly competing suggestions of how to regulate security-related research: The German Ethics Council, as an independent political advisory body, recommended a series of measures, including national legislation on DURC. Competing with that, the German National Academy of Sciences and the German Research Foundation, as two major professional bodies, presented a strategy which draws on the self-control of science and, inter alia, suggests expanding the scope of research ethics committees (RECs) to an evaluation of DURC.Main bodyThis situation is taken as an occasion to further discuss the scope and limits of professional self-control with respect to security-related research. The role of RECs as professional bodies of science is particularly analyzed, referring to the theoretical backgrounds of professionalism. Two key sociological features of professionalism – ethical orientation and professional self-control – are discussed with respect to the practice of biomedical science. Both attributes are then analyzed with respect to the assessment of DURC by RECs.ConclusionIn conclusion, it is stated that issues of biosecurity transcend the boundaries of the scientific community and that a more comprehensive strategy should be implemented encompassing both professional self-control and legal oversight.

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“…Studies can even unravel the reason for these behaviors. Studies in the area have identified causes related to individual characteristics -personality; interpersonal-relationship with the leader or with co-workers; and organizational-failures in code of conduct and governance (EDWARDS et al, 2014;STORY, 2018). Also, several denominations are found in the literature with similar approaches: such as misbehavior (OLIVEIRA, 2015;SONG;HAN, 2017;BAMFO et al, 2018;HALL;MARTIN, 2019); ethical dilemmas (JENKINS, 2017;NESS;CONNELLY, 2017;; unethical proorganizational behavior (UPB) (UMPHRESS;et al, 2010), and even corporate crimes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark Side of Organizational Life: A Bibliometric Study on Organizational Misbehavior

Czarneski¹,

Oliva²,

Bonato³

2021

E&G

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O entendimento da conduta (misaviors) cometida nas organizações tem atraído ao longo de décadas muitos debates e pesquisas. O estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar as publicações internacionais que abordaram o tema ‘atalhos antiéticos cometidos nas / pelas organizações’. Esta pesquisa configura-se como um estudo exploratório-descritivo, e para esclarecer que, foi realizada uma busca sistemática na Web of Science de palavras-chave relacionadas ao tema, a seguir foi seguida de análise bibliométrica. Para tanto, foi utilizado o software VOSviewer para análise dos dados e, o software Iramuteq para análise de conteúdo. Foram encontradas 327 publicações e verificado o potencial internacional dos estudos, confirmando que as pesquisas abordadas têm alto grau de impacto e citações envolvendo diversos países e universidades, com destaque para os EUA e a University of Michigan. A pesquisa apresenta alguns dos termos utilizados no tema; periódicos internacionais, universidades e as redes de citações mais influentes. Além disso, o acoplamento de segmentos de texto em 4 classes, chamadas: comportamento antiético, dilemas éticos, pesquisas sobre ética e crimes corporativos. A pesquisa apresenta uma lacuna em relação às pesquisas relacionadas aos fatores que levam os executivos a cometer esse comportamento inadequado.

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From Cases to Capacity? A Critical Reflection on the Role of ‘Ethical Dilemmas’ in the Development of Dual-Use Governance

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Shaping the Agenda of a Grand Challenge: Institutional Mediation of Priorities in Avian Influenza Research

Shaping the Agenda of a Grand Challenge: Institutional Mediation of Priorities in Avian Influenza Research

The dual use of research ethics committees: why professional self-governance falls short in preserving biosecurity

Dark Side of Organizational Life: A Bibliometric Study on Organizational Misbehavior

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