From causation to conscious control

Asma, Lieke Joske Franci

doi:10.1080/13869795.2023.2223200

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…According to the dominant causal theory of action, actions are those behaviors that are caused, in the right, way, by (combinations of) psychological states like belief-desire pairs or intentions (see, e.g., Davidson, 1963). One of the persistent problems with this view is deviant causal chains: sometimes our behavior is caused by an intention, but it still does not count as an intentional action (see Asma, 2023 for a more detailed discussion). Davidson (1973, p. 79) gives the following example: a climber may want to rid himself of the weight of another climber, and know that by loosening his hold on the rope he could do so.…”

Section: Implicit Bias As Unintentional Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…57-58). In fact, it could be argued that the causal history is taken to be right or deviant, depending on whether the result is taken to be an intentional action or an accident (see, Asma, 2023). To use the example of the climber: letting go of the rope is an accident or an action in itself , and on the basis of that the causal chain, for example the nervousness, is taken to be deviant or not.…”

Section: Implicit Bias As Unintentional Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implicit bias as unintentional discrimination

Asma

2023

Synthese

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In this paper, I argue that instead of primarily paying attention to the nature of implicit attitudes that are taken to cause implicit discrimination, we should investigate how discrimination can be implicit in itself. I propose to characterize implicit discrimination as unintentional discrimination: the person responds to facts unintentionally and often unconsciously which are, given their end, irrelevant and imply unfair treatment. The result is a unified account of implicit bias that allows for the different ways in which it can display itself and can be explained. Furthermore, the view can account for the central characteristics of implicit bias: (1) that it is, for a variety of reasons, difficult to control, (2) that we are not necessarily unconscious of implicit bias but not properly conscious either, and (3) that we can unintentionally discriminate regardless of whether we claim to care about fairness.

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Section: Implicit Bias As Unintentional Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implicit Bias As Unintentional Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit bias as unintentional discrimination

Asma

2023

Synthese

Self Cite

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Beyond prediction: a new paradigm for understanding suicide risk

Baston

2024

Synthese

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Recent meta-studies have shown that there are no known risk factors for suicidal behavior that could be used for behavior prediction, rendering the classic understanding of high and low risk for suicide questionable. The aim of this manuscript is to propose a new understanding of suicide risk that does not depend on predictive powers. In contrast, the developed Normic account of suicide risk, which is based on a possible world framework rather than probability calculations, suggests that the normalcy of an event determines whether the risk for the event’s occurrence is high or low. I suggest that this normalcy stems from the norms of practical rationality for agents who consider self-killing. The more difficult it is to make sense of possible intentional self-killing, the more abnormal the event is, which renders the event less risky. Consequently, from the Normic account of suicide risk, an individual who has weak or no life-sustaining reasons is at high risk for suicide. In conclusion, although the prediction of suicide is beyond the current scope of clinical psychology, there are still reasonable options for understanding what distinguishes individuals at high risk from those at low risk for suicide.

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From causation to conscious control

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Implicit bias as unintentional discrimination

Implicit bias as unintentional discrimination

Beyond prediction: a new paradigm for understanding suicide risk

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