From childhood emotional maltreatment to depressive symptoms in adulthood: The roles of self-compassion and shame

Ross, Nicholas Dutra; Kaminski, Patricia L.; Herrington, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.03.016

Cited by 66 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Second, the design of the study is cross-sectional and the causal relation between cyber IPV types and depression is an assumption based on prior literature (Dardis et al, 2019;Lindsay et al, 2016;Wolford-Clevenger et al, 2016). Third, prior studies suggest that other types of victimization that are associated with depression, such as peer victimization and child maltreatment, may have confounded the results (Ross, Kaminski, & Herrington, 2019;Tennant, Demaray, Coyle, & Malecki, 2015). Fourth, the present study focused on Hispanic emerging adults enrolled at a university, and thus the study findings may not be generalizable to other ethnic/racial groups of emerging adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique, Additive, and Interactive Effects of Types of Intimate Partner Cybervictimization on Depression in Hispanic Emerging Adults

Cantu

Charak

2020

J Interpers Violence

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The advent of modern technology has inadvertently created newer avenues for intimate partner victimization (IPV) to transpire. This study investigated (a) whether psychological, sexual, and stalking intimate partner cybervictimization (cyber IPV) types were uniquely associated with depression and whether there were (b) additive and (c) interactive effects of cyber IPV types on depression, after controlling for face-to-face IPV among Hispanic emerging adults. Participants were 903 Hispanic emerging adults in the age range of 18 to 29 years ( M = 20.68, SD = 2.42; 74% female) attending a public university in South Texas. Participants completed an online questionnaire assessing cyber IPV types (psychological, sexual, and stalking), face-to-face IPV types (physical, psychological, and sexual), and depression. Results indicated that nearly three-fourths (73%) of the sample endorsed at least one type of cyber IPV. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that psychological and sexual cyber IPV was uniquely associated with depression. An accumulating effect (additive effect model) of the three types of cyber IPV on depression was also found. Interaction effect model analysis yielded no significant effects. Findings reveal the detrimental effect of cyber IPV on mental health and calls for institutions and clinicians to develop preventive and treatment programs to aid victim-survivors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique, Additive, and Interactive Effects of Types of Intimate Partner Cybervictimization on Depression in Hispanic Emerging Adults

Cantu

Charak

2020

J Interpers Violence

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“…A systematic literature search was conducted twice by the first author, the first time in February 2019 when registering the study in PROSPERO, the second time in January 2020 to assure that more recent studies were also included. These two systematic searches identified the same set of 30 empirical studies to be included in this review and four additional studies that were published since the first review (51)(52)(53)(54). Nine electronic databases-PsycINFO, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, and ProQuest (including PTSDpubs database, Health & Medical Collection, Research Library, Science Database, and Social Science Database)were systematically searched using the following search terms: (depress OR internalizing OR Affective Disorder OR Mood Disorder) AND (emotional abuse OR emotional maltreatment OR verbal abuse OR emotional trauma OR psychological abuse OR child abuse OR child maltreatment).…”

Section: Search Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three studies (53,74,79) assessed specific negative cognitive styles as mediators in the emotional abuse-depression link: fear of criticism and rejection (74), self-criticism (79), and shame and low self-compassion (53). Self-criticism, self-blame, and noncompassionate introjects may underlie the feelings of shame with a harsh internalized voice.…”

Section: Cognitive-personality Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Mediators of the Association Between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Depression: A Systematic Review

Luyten

Midgley

2020

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: A number of existing meta-analyses and narrative reviews have already addressed the relation between childhood adversity and depression, yet none of them has examined the specific link between emotional abuse and depression highlighted by previous research. It is no longer appropriate to regard childhood maltreatment as a unitary concept when considering its effects on subsequent depression; instead, subtypes of childhood maltreatment need to be scrutinized separately. This review addresses this significant gap by critically evaluating empirical studies examining psychological mediators of the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and subsequent depression.Methods: A systematic search of nine electronic databases was conducted to identify eligible studies published in English between January 1980 and January 2020. Given the heterogeneous outcomes of eligible studies and the inconsistent reporting of indirect effects, a narrative synthesis, rather than a quantitative meta-analysis, was conducted. An appraisal of methodological quality was also included.Results: We identified 34 papers, comprising 18,529 adults and 3,434 adolescents, including 888 clinical participants. Our synthesis suggests that studies on mediators in the emotional abuse–depression link have focused on five clusters of intervening variables: early maladaptive schemas, cognitive-personality variables, emotion dysregulation, interpersonal styles, and stressful negative events. Only 11 studies identified the unique contribution of emotional abuse to depression by controlling for other forms of childhood maltreatment.Conclusions: Our findings support several routes with relative consistency (e.g., early maladaptive schemas, hopelessness, negative cognitive styles, brooding rumination, overall emotion dysregulation). Because psychological mediators function as a complex interrelated system, controlling for the interrelation between them is important. The evidence for the purported mediating role of the factors identified in this review should be considered with caution given the relative dearth of large-scale, adequately powered longitudinal studies. This review proposes a comprehensive multilevel theoretical framework as a basis for future research.

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“…Low self‐compassion is linked to parental criticism (Potter, Yar, Francis, & Schuster 2014), emotional abuse and neglect (Miron, Orcutt, Hannan, & Thompson 2014; Ross, Kaminski, & Herrington 2019; Tanaka et al, 2011; Wu, Chi, Lin, & Du 2018), perceived parental indifference and emotional invalidation (Westphal, Leahy, Pala, & Wupperman 2016), as well as low parental warmth, high parental rejection, and overprotection (Pepping et al, 2015). Self‐compassion is a mediator between maltreatment exposure and a host of negative outcomes, including depressive symptoms (Ross et al, 2019; Wu et al, 2018), difficulties regulating emotions (Vettese, Dyer, Li, & Wekerle 2011), shame (Ross et al, 2019), and post‐traumatic symptomatology (Barlow, Goldsmith Turow, & Gerhart, 2017). Further evidence suggests that training to improve compassion toward oneself can counter negative self‐concepts and improve mental health outcomes in the context of dysfunctional childhood experiences (e.g., Gilbert & Procter, 2006).…”

Section: Self‐compassion and The Attachment Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

ParentSelf‐Compassionand Supportive Responses to Child Difficult Emotion: An Intergenerational Theoretical Model Rooted in Attachment

Lathren

Bluth

Zvara

2020

J of Family Theo & Revie

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Self-compassion is an adaptive way of self-relating that entails tending to one's emotional pain with understanding and care. In this article, we propose an intergenerational model explaining how self-compassion develops in the context of the parent-child relationship. Specifically, we posit that parents who have had supportive experiences with their own childhood caregivers develop a secure attachment and a high level of self-compassion. In turn, we propose that high self-compassion in parents promotes parents' capacity to support children when they experience difficult emotions (e.g., anger, sadness). These responses promote the child's secure attachment, high self-compassion development, and positive behavioral outcomes. A key area for future research is examining the potential link between parent self-compassion and responses to difficult emotions in the child. Given that self-compassion can be enhanced through intervention, support for this model will have broad implications for interrupting intergenerational cycles of dysfunction caused by insecure attachment.

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From childhood emotional maltreatment to depressive symptoms in adulthood: The roles of self-compassion and shame

Cited by 66 publications

References 43 publications

Unique, Additive, and Interactive Effects of Types of Intimate Partner Cybervictimization on Depression in Hispanic Emerging Adults

Unique, Additive, and Interactive Effects of Types of Intimate Partner Cybervictimization on Depression in Hispanic Emerging Adults

Psychological Mediators of the Association Between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Depression: A Systematic Review

ParentSelf‐Compassionand Supportive Responses to Child Difficult Emotion: An Intergenerational Theoretical Model Rooted in Attachment

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