“…Controversy teaching choices are synonymous with the educational gatekeeping role that Thornton (1991Thornton ( , 2001 describes for instructors (e.g., determining learning activities), but choices may be limited in some situations (e.g., authority to change the curriculum). Education literature mentions various contextual variables influencing instructors' choices when teaching a controversial topic, such as: the current political affinity or sensitivity of faculty, administrators, or institutions (Jakubowski & Visano, 2002;Maccoby, 1958;Misco, 2012;Watson, 1965); whether the institution is private or public; the social milieu, including the views of local communities or parents (Misco, 2012); the instructor's personal need to avoid conflict (Hildebrand et al, 2008;Neal, 2013) or mitigate risk and protect themself from parents, promotional committees, research sponsors, or administrators (Jakubowski & Visano, 2002;Waterson, 2009); the instructor's sense of readiness to teach the topic and the availability of support from peers and administrators (Philpott et al, 2011); and whether the topic is seen as controversial by students, faculty, or administrators (Jakubowski & Visano, 2002;Scott & Branch, 2003). These contextual considerations highlight the likely variance in what is considered controversial as a teaching topic and which CTAs might result in better outcomes for students and other stakeholders.…”