From Coffee to Tea Cultivation in Ceylon, 1880-1900

Wenzlhuemer, Roland

doi:10.1163/ej.9789004163614.i-338

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…South Asia is a particularly interesting area to investigate the relative persistence of understory insectivores compared to other guilds because large areas of forest were converted to agriculture in the nineteenth century 17 18 . Although the land-use history is not uniform (see study site description below), the fragmentation process is more than a century and a half old, quite different from the rapid, recent changes currently seen in other parts of the tropical world 19 .…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of land-use on the diversity and mass-abundance relationships of understory avian insectivores in Sri Lanka and southern India

Sreekar

Srinivasan

Mammides

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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Understory avian insectivores are especially sensitive to deforestation, although regional differences in how these species respond to human disturbance may be linked to varying land-use histories. South Asia experienced widespread conversion of forest to agriculture in the nineteenth century, providing a comparison to tropical areas deforested more recently. In Sri Lanka and the Western Ghats of India, we compared understory insectivores to other guilds, and to insectivores with different vertical strata preferences, both inside mixed-species flocks and for the whole bird community. Overall species richness did not change across the land-use gradient, although there was substantial turnover in species composition between land-use types. We found that the proportion of species represented by insectivores was ~1.14 times higher in forest compared to agriculture, and the proportion of insectivores represented by understory species was ~1.32 times higher in forests. Mass-abundance relationships were very different when analyzed on mixed-species flocks compared to the total community, perhaps indicating reduced competition in these mutualisms. We show that South Asia fits the worldwide pattern of understory insectivores declining with increased land-use intensity, and conclude that these species can be used globally as indicator and/or umbrella species for conservation across different disturbance time scales.

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confidence: 99%

The effect of land-use on the diversity and mass-abundance relationships of understory avian insectivores in Sri Lanka and southern India

Sreekar

Srinivasan

Mammides

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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“…The British pre-independence support of Christianity and the English language led to the powerful state sector being dominated by English-educated Christian Tamils and Burghers as well as Sinhalese Christians (Sowell, 2004). However, only a very small minority of the population comprised local elites (Wenzlhuemer, 2008).…”

Section: The Sri Lankan Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poachers and gamekeepers: processes of class-based organisational closure and usurpation in Sri Lanka’s emerging private sector

Fernando

Cohen

2016

The International Journal of Human Resource Management

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“…The reason for this disparity can be traced back to the origin of current land tenure system of the two regions. In Badulla district, tea plantation was established during the British colonial era with large scale tea plantations (Wenzlhuemer, 2008;De Silva, 1981). After the independence, government of Sri Lanka introduce new land reform act in 1972 declaring that individual farmer can hold up to 20 ha (50 ac) land and the rest were acquired and managed as government property.…”

Section: Natural Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Livelihood Condition of and Futurity of Tea Farming for Marginal Small Tea Farm Holders (MSTH) of Sri Lanka: Case Study From Badulla and Matara District

Palihakkara¹,

Mohammed²,

Inoue³

2014

ENRR

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With an area of 120,955 ha, Small Tea Farm Holders (STH) constitute about forty percent of the total tea land area of Sri Lanka. In addition to possessing small tea land area, portion of small holders face another serious problem, low productivity of the tea land. With the aim of filling the knowledge gap on the livelihood of Marginal Small Tea Farm Holders (MSTH) and guide future policies and other interventions based on existing realities, this research analyzes the livelihood of MSTH in Badulla and Matara district using Sustainable Livelihood (SL) Framework and discusses futurity of tea production for MSTHs. Since land is the most limiting factor for their livelihood, the MSTH were first divided into four land categories ranging from very small to large holder. Then, their livelihood capital was measured using the five livelihood capitals, i.e., natural, human, social, physical and financial. The result showed inconsistent relationship between land size of MSTH and other capitals such as number of trees planted and income from tea production. The district with smaller average land size (Matara) and the very small and small land holders within district were found to generate more income from tea reduction. Improving human capital through education was also found to contribute negatively toward labor contribution for tea production. Between districts, weather and elevation, two forms of natural capital which are mostly neglected in rural studies using SL approach, were found to play important role in determining outcome from tea based livelihood. Overall, however, majority of the farmers are in the view that tea generates low benefit and should look for other alternatives. Considering this, possibility of other livelihood activities such as conversion of the marginal tea land to fuelwood planation should be considered. This, in addition to improving farmers' livelihood through enhanced income from their land, will also contribute for overcoming the ongoing shortage of fuelwood in Sri Lanka while also improving the environmental service from the MSTHs' land.

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From Coffee to Tea Cultivation in Ceylon, 1880-1900

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

The effect of land-use on the diversity and mass-abundance relationships of understory avian insectivores in Sri Lanka and southern India

The effect of land-use on the diversity and mass-abundance relationships of understory avian insectivores in Sri Lanka and southern India

Poachers and gamekeepers: processes of class-based organisational closure and usurpation in Sri Lanka’s emerging private sector

Current Livelihood Condition of and Futurity of Tea Farming for Marginal Small Tea Farm Holders (MSTH) of Sri Lanka: Case Study From Badulla and Matara District

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