From coordinated to integrated urban and rural development in China’s megacity regions

Abstract

Since reform and opening up began in 1978, China has developed and urbanized rapidly, and a dual urban-rural economy has evolved in its megacity regions. Unlike the United States and other countries with neoliberal regimes that rely on the market to adjust economic relations and where there is little explicit national-level planning, China is a regionally decentralized developmental state where government plays a major role in development. Coordinated urban-rural development has been national policy since 2003, and China began to experiment with what is termed integrated urban-rural development in 2006. This article describes coordinated urban-rural development in China's 2 developing megacity regions with the most advanced coordination programs (Chengdu and Chongqing) and 2 highly urbanized megacity regions with well-developed strategies to integrate city and countryside (Shanghai and Suzhou). It describes 4 models of the coordination process: the municipal government-led top-down model (post-1990 Shanghai), empowering the entrepreneurial township government model (post-2008 Suzhou), the negotiation model (post-2003 Chengdu), and the labor transfer model (post-2003 Chongqing). It discusses the forms that integration of city and countryside have taken in the most advanced Chinese megacity regions and their implications for other cities in China and other developing countries with different characteristics and at different development stages.

New Holistic Strategy of Sustainable Rural Development Management-Experience from Indonesia: A PESTEL-SOAR Analysis

“…These three roles, which is shown and explained in Figure 2, contribute to economic improvement without compromising the surrounding environment. Meanwhile, Chen et al [11] argue that developing rural areas in a sustainable manner needs integration between rural development and urban development. This will allow the transfer of resources to one another which will benefit both parties, so that the village economy that has not been developed can be developed sustainably.…”

“…First, research related to ideal village development, village development management, and the reasons of why village development is important have been carried out by Jenkins [5]; Akgün et al [6]; Tomashuk [7]; and Koopmans et al [8]. Second, research related to case studies of the implementation of village development in a country have been done by Courtney et al [9]; Popescu [10]; and Chen et al [11]. Based on research that have been done and mentioned above, there is no single research discussed about what holistic strategies can facilitate the implementation of village development so that employment can be created and urbanization process can be occurred.…”

Social Landscape Optimization of Towns and Villages at the County Level by Developing a Compound Ecological Capital System

“…The relevant settlements belonging to OA1 are mostly close to towns, with good transportation, a higher education level of residents, and relatively sound infrastructure. These villages may share social networks and public service facilities with nearby settlements [47]. Through the construction of the meso-micro natural-economic-social ecosystem, traditional culture, modern agriculture, and life services can be fully integrated in the process of economic development.…”

A constraint-based approach for identifying the urban–rural fringe of polycentric cities using multi-sourced data

“…Rapid urban development is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it improves the regional industrial structure (Peng et al 2005), promotes scientific and technological progress (Li et al 2017), and facilitates urban-rural exchange, thereby narrowing the gap between urban and rural development (Chen et al 2018). On the other hand, it has disadvantages such as environmental pollution (Wang et al 2017), resource shortage (Zhang et al 2011, Wang et al 2015a, Xie et al 2016, traffic congestion (Du and Huang 2017), and urban sprawl (Wang et al 2016).…”