From COVID-19 to Cancer mRNA Vaccines: Moving From Bench to Clinic in the Vaccine Landscape

Chakraborty, Chiranjib; Sharma, Ashish Ranjan; Bhattacharya, Manojit; Lee, Sang-Soo

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.679344

Cited by 88 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 149 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…Despite deployment hesitation due to potential low stability, lipid formulation and lack of previous human usage, mRNA vaccines have convincingly demonstrated to induce robust humoral responses and extraordinary efficacies and were the first to receive EUA [100,101].…”

Section: Mrna Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shooting at a Moving Target—Effectiveness and Emerging Challenges for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development

et al. 2021

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Since late 2019 the newly emerged pandemic SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID‑19, has hit the world with recurring waves of infections necessitating the global implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions, including strict social distancing rules, the wearing of masks and the isolation of infected individuals in order to restrict virus transmissions and prevent the breakdown of our healthcare systems. These measures are not only challenging on an economic level but also have a strong impact on social lifestyles. Using traditional and novel technologies, highly efficient vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were developed and underwent rapid clinical evaluation and approval to accelerate the immunization of the world population, aiming to end the pandemic and return to normality. However, the emergence of virus variants with improved transmission, enhanced fitness and partial immune escape from the first generation of vaccines poses new challenges, which are currently being addressed by scientists and pharmaceutical companies all over the world. In this ongoing pandemic, the evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines underlies diverse unpredictable dynamics, posed by the first broad application of the mRNA vaccine technology and their compliance, the occurrence of unexpected side effects and the rapid emergence of variations in the viral antigen. However, despite these hurdles, we conclude that the available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are very safe and efficiently protect from severe COVID-19 and are thereby the most powerful tools to prevent further harm to our healthcare systems, economics and individual lives. This review summarizes the unprecedented pathways of vaccine development and approval during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We focus on the real-world effectiveness and unexpected positive and negative side effects of the available vaccines and summarize the timeline of the applied adaptations to the recommended vaccination strategies in the light of emerging virus variants. Finally, we highlight upcoming strategies to improve the next generations of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

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Section: Mrna Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shooting at a Moving Target—Effectiveness and Emerging Challenges for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development

et al. 2021

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“…RNA, being the minimally immunogenic genetic vector, circumvents the risk of anti-vector immunity to a large extent even on repeated administrations. The mRNA vaccines also have the capability to induce both antibody production and T-cell responses, since the protein antigen i.e., the S protein in most cases is produced using host machinery [ 29 , 30 ]. However, antigenic expression after mRNA vaccination is transient, limiting its persistence in the human body and thus calling for repeated administrations at certain intervals.…”

Section: Strategies To Develop Vaccines Against Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Counting on COVID-19 Vaccine: Insights into the Current Strategies, Progress and Future Challenges

et al. 2021

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The emergence of a novel coronavirus viz., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 and its subsequent substantial spread produced the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide. Given its unprecedented infectivity and pathogenicity, the COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on human health, and its clinical management has been a great challenge, which has led to the development and speedy trials of several vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 at an exceptional pace. As a result, several COVID-19 vaccines were made commercially available in the first half of 2021. Although several COVID-19 vaccines showed promising results, crucial insights into their epidemiology, protective mechanisms, and the propensities of reinfection are not largely reviewed. In the present report, we provided insights into the prospects of vaccination against COVID-19 and assessed diverse vaccination strategies including DNA, mRNA, protein subunits, vector-based, live attenuated, and inactivated whole/viral particle-based vaccines. Next, we reviewed major aspects of various available vaccines approved by the World Health Organization and by the local administrations to use against COVID-19. Moreover, we comprehensively assessed the success of these approved vaccines and also their untoward effects, including the possibility of reinfection. We also provided an update on the vaccines that are under development and could be promising candidates in the future. Conclusively, we provided insights into the COVID-19 vaccine epidemiology, their potency, and propensity for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, while a careful review of their current status, strategies, success, and future challenges was also presented.

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“…The remarkable advances made in the biological stabilisation of mRNA, as well as the very encouraging results in animal models, allowed clinical trials to be initiated in 2010 [ 35 ]. A decade later, mRNA vaccines were tested in ten clinical trials for infectious diseases (HIV, Zika, influenza and rabies) and in more than fifty trials for various cancers [ 36 ].…”

Section: Mrna Vaccines: Head-to-head Benchmarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Scientific Prospects of the Newest Generation of mRNA-Based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

Calina

Hernández

Hartung

et al. 2021

Life

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In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, traditional, complex and lengthy methods of vaccine development and production would not have been able to ensure proper management of this global public health crisis. Hence, a number of technologies have been developed for obtaining a vaccine quickly and ensuring a large scale production, such as mRNA-based vaccine platforms. The use of mRNA is not a new concept in vaccine development but has leveraged on previous knowledge and technology. The great number of human resources and capital investements for mRNA vaccine development, along with the experience gained from previous studies on infectious diseases, allowed COVID-19 mRNA vaccines to be developed, conditionally approved and commercialy available in less than one year, thanks to decades of basic research. This review critically presents and discusses the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-induced immunity, and it summarizes the most common anaphylactic and autoimmune adverse effects that have been identified until now after massive vaccination campaigns.

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From COVID-19 to Cancer mRNA Vaccines: Moving From Bench to Clinic in the Vaccine Landscape

Cited by 88 publications

References 149 publications

Shooting at a Moving Target—Effectiveness and Emerging Challenges for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development

Shooting at a Moving Target—Effectiveness and Emerging Challenges for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development

Counting on COVID-19 Vaccine: Insights into the Current Strategies, Progress and Future Challenges

Challenges and Scientific Prospects of the Newest Generation of mRNA-Based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

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