From craniology to serology: Racial anthropology in interwar Hungary and Romania*

Turda, Marius

doi:10.1002/jhbs.20274

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…66 Between the World Wars, serology continued to be used in racial science, especially in the newly independent countries of Eastern Europe, where scientists tried to determine which populations should be included or excluded in the young nation states. 67 After the Second World War, the method for some time emerged as the most important one in racial science globally, although the hopes for more objective categorizations were not really fulfilled as serological and anthropometrical results seldom corresponded, creating scholarly confusion. 68 At SIRB, postgraduate researcher Lars Beckman introduced serology as the principal research method in the second half of the 1950s.…”

Section: From Anthropometry To Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

What happened to ‘race’ in race biology? The Swedish State Institute for Race Biology, 1936−1960

Ericsson

2020

Scandinavian Journal of History

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The Swedish State Institute for Race Biology (SIRB) was founded in 1921 and immediately became the most important institution for racial science in Sweden. We know a great deal about the history of SIRB until 1935, when right-wing director Herman Lundborg retired and was replaced by the left-wing, anti-fascist Gunnar Dahlberg. In this essay, the later history of SIRB is for the first time examined systematically, starting in 1935 and ending with the reorganization of SIRB in the years around 1960, when the name was changed to the Institution of Medical Genetics at Uppsala University. The essay shows that while the majority of research projects at SIRB concerned medical genetics in the years 1936−1960, racial science never disappeared. SIRB scientists engaged in theoretical debates on the concept of race and conducted racial surveys of the Swedish population, using anthropometry and later serology as research methods. The results support the international hypothesis that racial science underwent important changes from the 1930s and onwards but did not really cease to exist.

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Section: From Anthropometry To Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

What happened to ‘race’ in race biology? The Swedish State Institute for Race Biology, 1936−1960

Ericsson

2020

Scandinavian Journal of History

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“…Példának okán Bartucz Lajos 1938-ra megírta a magyar nép antropológiájának szintézisét, és a vaskos kötetben mindössze két oldalt szentelt a fej nagyságának (Bartucz 1938: 308-310). Ebben az időszakban a magyar fajkutatás -hasonlóan a némethez (Proctor 1988: 138-166) vagy az osztrákhoz (Berner 2010: 16-24) -az alaktani vizsgálódástól egyre inkább a genetika, a szerológia és a fajegészségügy irányába fordult (Turda 2007b(Turda , 2010, a kifejezetten a zsidókkal foglalkozó fajtudósok szövegeit pedig a vérkeveredés veszélye miatt érzett aggodalom, a fajgyalázási fantáziák uralták el. 28 Ebben a megközelítésben legfeljebb a zsidó koponya formájának volt jelentősége, mert az, úgy vélték a kutatók, árulkodik a zsidóságnak a magyarokéval összeegyeztethetetlen faji összetételéről.…”

Section: Az Agycentizés Visszaszorulásaunclassified

A méret a lényeg? : A zsidó koponya mérése Magyarországon (1875–1944)

Bolgár¹

2019

Replika

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Absztrakt: A történészek vitatják, hogy a tudományos rasszizmus milyen mértékben befolyásolta a korai magyar fi zikai antropológiát. Az egyik vélemény szerint a századforduló magyarországi antropológusai hajlamosak voltak arra, hogy faji alsóbb-és felsőbbrendűségben gondolkodjanak. A másik felfogás szerint az antropológusok tartózkodtak az etnikai különbségek biologizálásától és a faji hierarchiák felállításától. A zsidó koponyatérfogat kutatásának magyarországi története nem illik tökéletesen egyik említett elbeszélésbe sem. A kraniológusok megmérték a zsidók fejének méretét, de sohasem következtettek kutatásaik eredményeiből a zsidóság értelmi képességeire. Ennek az oka azonban nem az volt, hogy tagadták a fajok szellemi rátermettsége közti egyenlőtlenségeket, hanem az, hogy nem hittek "a méret a lényeg"-elvben, vagyis nem gondolták, hogy a nagyobb agy magasabb intelligenciaszinttel jár együtt.

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“…A section of Bio-Anthropological Studies was established at the National Institute of Statistics in 1936 and given to Făcăoaru in 1941. The Romanian Institute of Anthropology was established in Bucharest by Francisc Rainer (1874–1944), professor of anthropology and biology at the University of Bucharest, and officially inaugurated in 1940 (Turda 2007a, 2007b).…”

Section: Institutionalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Although many Hungarian scientists and politicians considered the loss of Transylvania unjust, the Romanians argued that the region was ethnically part of Romania. It was within this polarized context that physical anthropology was assigned a new mission in both countries: to provide the nation with a corresponding racial narrative (Turda 2007a). Most fundamentally, at a time of war and accelerated nationalism, when the politics and significance of territory were actively recomposed, anthropology was deployed to interrogate the racial coexistence of Hungarians and Romanians (S.…”

Section: The Nation’s Racial Charactermentioning

confidence: 99%

Entangled traditions of race

Turda

2010

Focaal

Self Cite

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This article discusses the relationship between race and physical anthropology in Hungary and Romania between 1900 and 1940. It begins by looking at institutional developments in both countries and how these influenced the most important Hungarian and Romanian anthropologists' professional and research agendas. Drawing from a wide range of primary sources, the article reveals the significant role the concept of race played in articulating anthropological and ethnic narratives of national belonging. It is necessary to understand the appeal of the idea of race in this context. With idealized images of national communities and racial hierarchies creeping back into Eastern European popular culture and politics, one needs to understand the latent and often unrecognized legacies of race in shaping not only scientific disciplines like anthropology, but also the emergence and entrancement of modern Hungarian and Romanian nationalism.

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From craniology to serology: Racial anthropology in interwar Hungary and Romania*

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

What happened to ‘race’ in race biology? The Swedish State Institute for Race Biology, 1936−1960

What happened to ‘race’ in race biology? The Swedish State Institute for Race Biology, 1936−1960

A méret a lényeg? : A zsidó koponya mérése Magyarországon (1875–1944)

Entangled traditions of race

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