From crime scene to courtroom: A review of the current bioanalytical evidence workflows used in rape and sexual assault investigations in the United Kingdom

Dawnay, Nick; Sheppard, Kayleigh

doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2022.12.006

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…In addition finger nail scrapings and blood samples may also be collected for DNA and toxicological analysis 19,20 According to recommendations of The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2002) ,the victims of sexual assault should receive sexually transmitted diseases prophylaxis along with HIV prophylaxis 22 More recent advancement as for as the forensic examination and collection of evidence is concerned is the development of Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) programs in different parts of the world that is rapidly spreading in numbers during the last few decades. Most of these programs utilize highly specialized forensic equipment helping them in the collection of evidence and in the proper evaluation of physical injuries‫۔‬ 32 Post assault pregnancy services are also provided at these centers to rape victims.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Sexual Assault Referral Centers (SARC)

Butt¹,

Maqsood²,

Maqsood³

et al. 2023

PJMHS

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Background: Sexual violence against women is a commonly prevalent human rights violation and a widespread public health problem. It is associated with substantial short and long-term ill consequences for women and their families. As the response of the community is increasing day by day to sexual assault, new interventions have evolved in the form of sexual assault centers. These centers are community-based organizations that work to counteract the potential negative impacts of sexual assaults on the physical, mental, and psychological health of the victims. Objective: The objective of the study is to find out the multi-disciplinary professional services provided by these centers globally to treat sexual assault victims. Methods: The information is collected from secondary sources. This systematic review was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Online databases were searched including, Research Gate, Taylor & Francis, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and the search included the term ‘sexual assault centers, rape crisis centers, integrated services at sexual assault centers’. Results: The important post-assault services provided by these centers include medical treatment, forensic examination, police services, and psychological counseling to the sufferers of the tragic event. In addition, these centers are also involved in carrying out significant research and educational work. Practical Implication: These rape crisis centers are providing multidisciplinary services to rape victims including services of specially trained nurses, treatment and care of medical injuries, forensic medical examination, police services, counseling by psychologists and a highly organized follow-up. Conclusion: These centers are providing valuable multidisciplinary services including medical treatment, forensic examination, police services, and psychological counseling to the sufferers of sexual abuse under one roof. The understanding of these multidisciplinary services could be used to endorse the development of sexual assault centers in different parts of the world Keywords: Sexual assault, sexual assault centers, multidisciplinary services

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Sexual Assault Referral Centers (SARC)

Butt¹,

Maqsood²,

Maqsood³

et al. 2023

PJMHS

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“…The detection of biological fluids can hold a high degree of evidential value, providing information about the nature of the crime and can lead to personal identification [2]. Blood is one of the most commonly found biological fluids at crime scenes and it is regarded as the fluid of highest evidential value [3]. For example, the presence of blood at a scene can indicate that the crime may have been violent in nature and could provide a source of genetic material that can aid in the identification of either an offender or a victim.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development and Characterisation of ssDNA Aptamers via a Modified Cell-SELEX Methodology for the Detection of Human Red Blood Cells

Costanzo,

Gooch,

Tungsirisurp

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Blood is one of the most commonly found biological fluids at crime scenes, with the detection and identification of blood holding a high degree of evidential value. It can provide not only information about the nature of the crime but can also lead to identification via DNA profiling. Presumptive tests for blood are usually sensitive but not specific, so small amounts of the substrate can be detected, but false-positive results are often encountered, which can be misleading. Novel methods for the detection of red blood cells based on aptamer–target interactions may be able to overcome these issues. Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences capable of undergoing selective antigen association due to three-dimensional structure formation. The use of aptamers as a target-specific moiety poses several advantages and has the potential to replace antibodies within immunoassays. Aptamers are cheaper to produce, display no batch-to-batch variation and can allow for a wide range of chemical modifications. They can help limit cross-reactivity, which is a hindrance to current forensic testing methods. Within this study, a modified Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) process was used to generate aptamers against whole red blood cells. Obtained aptamer pools were analysed via massively parallel sequencing to identify viable sequences that demonstrate a high affinity for the target. Using bioinformatics platforms, aptamer candidates were identified via their enrichment profiles. Binding characterisation was also conducted on two selected aptamer candidates via fluorescent microscopy and qPCR to visualise and quantify aptamer binding. The potential for these aptamers is broad as they can be utilised within a range of bioassays for not only forensic applications but also other analytical science and medical applications. Potential future work includes the incorporation of developed aptamers into a biosensing platform that can be used at crime scenes for the real-time detection of human blood.

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“…The practical work method using the abacus is an appropriate method used to encourage students to be actively involved and fun in learning arithmetic concepts, especially young children. According to the study of Dawnay & Sheppard (2023), students who are proficient in using the abacus will have a mental picture, namely the visualization of the abacus beads in their heads. Thus, these students will think with symbols or language at symbolic levels to solve mathematical problems.…”

Section: A Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Comparison of Students Learning Abacus-Arithmetic and Not Learning Abacus-Arithmetic on Mathematics Material

Judijanto,

Lumbantoruan

2024

JTAM

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Students' mental mastery in elementary school mathematics lessons in Indonesia is weak, slow, inaccurate, and declining. Mastery problems among elementary school students who have studied mental abacus arithmetic were found to be low. This is an urgent matter to research because there is a gap between theory, expectations, and reality. The purpose of this research was to compare the ability to solve mathematical problems between students who studied abacus mental arithmetic and students who did not study abacus mental arithmetic. This research involved 70 students. Data collection techniques using instruments, the instruments used were the first-semester mathematics exam and mental arithmetic exam. Data analysis techniques using SPSS Version 25.0 statistics, namely the t-test, were used to compare the ability to solve mathematical problems between students who studied mental abacus-arithmetic and students who did not study mental abacus-arithmetic. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between students' mental arithmetic learning achievement and their ability to solve mathematical problems. The results of the research showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in learning achievement on symbolic mathematics questions and mental arithmetic achievement between students who studied mental abacus calculation and students who did not study mental abacus calculation. The minimum score of the group that studied mental abacus calculation was higher compared to the group that did not study mental abacus calculation. However, there was no significant difference (p<0.05) in mathematics learning achievement between students who studied mental abacus-arithmetic and students who did not study mental abacus-arithmetic.

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From crime scene to courtroom: A review of the current bioanalytical evidence workflows used in rape and sexual assault investigations in the United Kingdom

Cited by 8 publications

References 139 publications

A Systematic Review of Sexual Assault Referral Centers (SARC)

A Systematic Review of Sexual Assault Referral Centers (SARC)

The Development and Characterisation of ssDNA Aptamers via a Modified Cell-SELEX Methodology for the Detection of Human Red Blood Cells

Mental Comparison of Students Learning Abacus-Arithmetic and Not Learning Abacus-Arithmetic on Mathematics Material

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