From Diagnosis to Treatment: Recent Advances in Patient-Friendly Biosensors and Implantable Devices

Abstract

Patient-friendly medical diagnostics and treatments have been receiving a great deal of interest due to their rapid and cost-effective health care applications with minimized risk of infection, which has the potential to replace conventional hospital-based medical procedures. In particular, the integration of recently developed materials into health care devices allows the rapid development of point-of-care (POC) sensing platforms and implantable devices with special functionalities. In this review, the recent advances in biosensors for patient-friendly diagnosis and implantable devices for patient-friendly treatment are discussed. Comprehensive analysis of portable and wearable biosensing platforms for patient-friendly health monitoring and disease diagnosis is provided, including topics such as materials selection, device structure and integration, and biomarker detection strategies. Moreover, specific challenges related to each biological fluid for wearable biosensor-based POC applications are presented. Also, advances in implantable devices, including recent materials development and wireless communication strategies, are discussed. Furthermore, various patient-friendly surgical and treatment approaches are reviewed, such as minimally invasive insertion and mounting, in vivo electrical and optical modulations, and post-operation health monitoring. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives toward the development of the patient-friendly diagnosis and treatment are provided.

Sustainable Development of Carbon Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Classification for Environmental Remediation

“…Such biosensors analyse a broad variety of genetic markers of cancer by conjugating DNA or proteins, peptides, enzymes [169], and electrochemical biosensors for the early diagnosis of genetic markers of cancer [170]. Microspecificity of the enzymatic reaction is used by CNT-based enzymatic electrochemical nanomaterials to guide electrical transfer among biomolecules [171]. CNT paste was produced of brumoform, and the electrode was designed with superior enactment over all other carbon electrodes [172].…”

COVID-19 Biomarkers and Advanced Sensing Technologies for Point-of-Care (POC) Diagnosis

“…A field-effect transistor (FET) based biosensing device has several advantages, including the ability to make very sensitive and instantaneous measurements using small amounts of analytes for detecting COVID-19 in clinical samples. The sensor uses graphene sheets coated with a specific antibody immobilized against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein [148][149][150][151]. Graphene is selected because of its high electron mobility, electrical and thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength.…”

Evolving Flexible Sensors, Wearable and Implantable Technologies Towards BodyNET for Advanced Healthcare and Reinforced Life Quality

“…1. Since the first implantable cardiac pacemaker for arrhythmia patients in the 1960s, implantable health devices have been continuously investigated and developed for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment [58]- [62]. For instance, implantable actuators to help underactive bladder void have been developed to meet particular clinical need [63]- [65].…”