A common challenge in education in many European countries is related to inclusive education. It is probably the most important change in education for quite some time because it requires a comprehensive and deep transformation of mindset and practices with respect to all key aspects of education (e.g. policy making, teacher education, professional development of teachers, teaching/ learning practices, school leadership, family-school collaboration). The quest for inclusive education is also related to new tensions between different actors in education (teachers, students, parents, school principals, researchers and policy makers), since it disrupts foundation principles and ideas of dominant practices that are crystallized and normalized during a long history of segregated education of students with specific educational needs. Thus, it does not come as a surprise that the implementation of inclusive education is related to different opinions, hopes, concerns and reactions among key actors.In this paper we are focusing on teacher education and teacher professionalization to reflect on these topics from the perspective of a socio-cultural approach. We believe that this view provides an appropriate conceptual lens for a better understanding of controversies and complexities related to the implementation of inclusive education, as well as for a reflection on teacher education, professional development and adequate support to teach. Following this line of thought, the paper is organized in three sections.In the first one, we discuss the key assumption and the main concepts related to a socio-cultural approach within the overarching socio-cultural tradition. We will argue why the proposed view is an appropriate perspective to reflect on teacher training and professionalization in relation to inclusive education. We have chosen a specific approach because it assumes that the