From DNA Damage to Cancer Progression: Potential Effects of Cytolethal Distending Toxin

Lai, Yi‐Ting; Chang, Ying-Hsu; Ma, Jason; Chiu, Cheng-Hsun; Kuo, Ming‐Ling; Lai, Chih‐Ho

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.760451

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…As a DNase, CDT damages the host DNA activating the DNA damage response. In most cases, the repair system fails to resolve the situation, which leads to cell death or senescence, but a small portion of cells outpace cell cycle arrest and continue to proliferate accumulating DNA lesions, being more likely to develop tumors ( 58 ). The high prevalence of this gene in UC-AIEC-like strains is of great relevance considering that UC patients have an increased risk for CRC ( 59 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Abundance, and Virulence of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli in Ulcerative Colitis, Colorectal Cancer, and Coeliac Disease

et al. 2022

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Background & AimsAdherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) has largely been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD). E. coli strains with similar genetic backgrounds and virulence genes profiles have been associated with other intestinal disorders, such as ulcerative colitis (UC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and coeliac disease (CeD), but the role of AIEC in these diseases remains unexplored. We aimed to assess the distribution, abundance, and pathogenic features of AIEC in UC, CRC, and CeD.MethodsThe AIEC phenotype was investigated in 4,233 E. coli isolated from the ileum and colon of 14 UC and 15 CRC patients and in 38 fecal E. coli strains obtained from 17 CeD and 10 healthy (H) children. AIEC prevalence and abundance were compared with previous data from CD patients and H controls. Clonality, virulence gene carriage, and phylogenetic origin were determined for the AIEC identified.ResultsIn UC, AIEC prevalence was intermediate between CD and H subjects (UC: 35.7%, CD: 55.0%, H: 21.4%), and similar to CD patients with colonic disease (C-CD: 40.0%). In CRC, the prevalence was lower (6.7%) than these groups. In patients with AIEC, the estimated abundance was similar across all intestinal conditions. All AIEC strains isolated from UC and CRC belonged to the B1 phylogroup, except for a strain of the A phylogroup, and the majority (75% of clonally distinct AIEC) harbored the Afa/Dr operon and the cdt gene. None of the E. coli isolated from the CeD cohort were AIEC. Nonetheless, E. coli strains isolated from active CeD patients showed higher invasion indices than those isolated from H and inactive CeD pediatric patients.ConclusionWe support the hypothesis that AIEC-like strains can be involved not only in CD but also in UC. Further works are needed to study the virulence particularities of these groups of strains and to determine if there is a causative link between AIEC and UC. In contrast, we rule out the possible association of AIEC with CRC. In addition, to further study the E. coli strains in CeD for their possible pathogenic role would be of interest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Abundance, and Virulence of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli in Ulcerative Colitis, Colorectal Cancer, and Coeliac Disease

et al. 2022

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“…T6SS is prevalent amongst most other Aliivibrio species. It is so far unknown if T6SS has any effect on hosts directly, however the T6SS in A. scheri is used to effectively to become predominant in squid hosts [75]. By comparison toxin genes are sporadically distributed across Aliivibrio.…”

Section: Genome Annotation Data Provides Indications Of Colonisation ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Active colonisers of the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon farmed in a warm water region

Hall,

Reid,

Tan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farmed in seawater in Tasmania (lutruwita) can experience temper-atures close to their thermotolerance limit during summer and Vibrionaceae are a major component of their gut microbiome. This study focuses on understanding the microbiome of the Atlantic salmon gastrointestinal tract via the taxonomy, population dynamics, and traits of the main colonists. Results. Multiyear survey and co-occurrence network analyses confirmed novel members of Aliivibrio reliably colonise the gut microbiome in Atlantic salmon farmed in marine pens in Tasmania when the confounding influences of DNA and bacteria from feed and water was considered. Aliivibrio and Mycoplasma were the main taxa found to colonise the gut mucosal layers. Warm water temperature(19°C) experiments performed in seawater tanks indicated Aliivibrio and Vibrio rapidly become predominant in the digesta of Atlantic salmon that had reduced feeding and high faecal cast production while Mycoplasma were found to be mostly absent. Salmon-associated Aliivibrio isolates were found to share many genes required for host colonisation with that of the faunal mutualist Aliivibrio fischeri. Though most salmon digesta isolates seem to lack obvious virulence factors, strains of two abundant novel colonising Aliivibriostrain groups possessed the genes for cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). Conclusions. Multiyear surveys confirm Atlantic salmon farmed in the relatively warm conditions of Tasmania are persistently colonised by the same, largely novel, Aliivibrio species and a restricted range of other Vibrionaceae. Some of these species were found to be particularly adept at colonising salmon in warm water conditions. Though some Aliivibrio coloniser strains possessed CDT-genes it is yet unknown whether CDT-gene-positive Aliivibrio negatively impact Atlantic salmon . Since the strains studies possess a range of different colonization enabling mechanisms, interactions between Vibrionaceae in the gut of Atlantic salmon could be important for overall fish health, especially when they are exposed to stressful conditions, such as elevated sea surface temperatures.

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“…The release of protein toxins with cytolytic characteristics is a further adaptive techniques used by pathogenic bacteria [ 8 ]. Shigella dysenteriae , Campylobacter jejuni , Salmonella typhi , and E. coli all secrete cytolethal distending toxins (CDTs); these toxins promote DNA strand breaks that eventually promote cancer progression [ 8 , 68 ]. In addition, B. fragilis releases a toxin (BFT, Figure 1 ) that attaches to gut epithelial cell receptors and promotes cell proliferation by cleavage of E-cadherin [ 62 , 69 ].…”

Section: The Link Between Bacterial Infection and The Onset Of Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Infections and Cancer: Exploring This Association And Its Implications for Cancer Patients

Yusuf

Sampath

Umar

2023

IJMS

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Bacterial infections are common in the etiology of human diseases owing to the ubiquity of bacteria. Such infections promote the development of periodontal disease, bacterial pneumonia, typhoid, acute gastroenteritis, and diarrhea in susceptible hosts. These diseases may be resolved using antibiotics/antimicrobial therapy in some hosts. However, other hosts may be unable to eliminate the bacteria, allowing them to persist for long durations and significantly increasing the carrier's risk of developing cancer over time. Indeed, infectious pathogens are modifiable cancer risk factors, and through this comprehensive review, we highlight the complex relationship between bacterial infections and the development of several cancer types. For this review, searches were performed on the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases encompassing the entirety of 2022. Based on our investigation, we found several critical associations, of which some are causative: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum are associated with periodontal disease, Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., and Shigella are associated with gastroenteritis. Helicobacter pylori infection is implicated in the etiology of gastric cancer, and persistent Chlamydia infections present a risk factor for the development of cervical carcinoma, especially in patients with the human papillomavirus (HPV) coinfection. Salmonella typhi infections are linked with gallbladder cancer, and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is implicated in lung cancer, etc. This knowledge helps identify the adaptation strategies used by bacteria to evade antibiotic/antimicrobial therapy. The article also sheds light on the role of antibiotics in cancer treatment, the consequences of their use, and strategies for limiting antibiotic resistance. Finally, the dual role of bacteria in cancer development as well as in cancer therapy is briefly discussed, as this is an area that may help to facilitate the development of novel microbe-based therapeutics as a means of securing improved outcomes.

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From DNA Damage to Cancer Progression: Potential Effects of Cytolethal Distending Toxin

Cited by 22 publications

References 97 publications

Prevalence, Abundance, and Virulence of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli in Ulcerative Colitis, Colorectal Cancer, and Coeliac Disease

Prevalence, Abundance, and Virulence of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli in Ulcerative Colitis, Colorectal Cancer, and Coeliac Disease

Active colonisers of the gastrointestinal tract of Atlantic salmon farmed in a warm water region

Bacterial Infections and Cancer: Exploring This Association And Its Implications for Cancer Patients

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