From Electrode Surface Fouling to Sensitive Electroanalytical Determination of Phenols

Abstract

The present investigation of phenol and chlorophenols is conducted on the surface of glassy carbon by cyclic and square wave stripping voltammetry, and by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The surface fouling is accompanied by the appearance of reversible peaks at lower potential range (+ 0.1 to + 0.4 V), that grew up with CV-cycling and attributed to the electro-redox reactions of formed polymer film via electropolymerization. The electroanalytical monitoring of formed polymer oxidation peaks improved both sensitivity and detection limit by 35 and 10 times, respectively. The FT-IR supported semiempirical prediction attributes the electropolymerization to the formation of ortho-para and/or ortho-meta CÀC coupled-system. Phenol, chlorophenol derivatives, pentachlorophenol sodium salt (pCP-Na salt), hydroquinone, disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na 2 HPO 4 ) and 0.05 microns gamma

Open‐circuit Electrochemical Polymerization for the Sensitive Detection of Phenols

“…A variety of efforts have been applied toward preventing electrode surface fouling by phenols. For example, glassy carbon electrodes 32, boron‐doped diamond electrodes 33, and porous copper‐modified graphite pencil electrodes 34 have been tested in electrochemical phenol detection devices. A new approach to determining the presence or quantity of phenol in a water sample has been developed.…”

Porous Copper‐Modified Graphite Pencil Electrode for the Amperometric Detection of 4‐Nitrophenol

“…As a continuation of our effort 35 to overcome the phenol fouling of the carbon electrode surfaces, here, we explore the application of the Cu‐modified GPE (Cu‐GPE) as an efficient transducer for the detection of 4‐NP. For obtaining the optimum conditions of the electroanalysis of 4‐NP, the effect of Cu(II) ions concentration, deposition potential and time on the preparation of Cu‐GPE were investigated.…”

Electrochemical oxidative dimerization of monobrominated phenols and pentabromophenol in methanol-aqueous media

“…The height of peaks IIa/IIc increased in consecutive cycles, while current of the peak Ia decreased. Such behaviour is typical for electropolymerization reactions [44][45][46] which have been reported for phenol and its derivatives [42] including chlorophenols [30,43]. The growth of peaks of group II was more pronounced for 2-BP ( Fig.…”