From essence to Lebenswelt as a method in phenomenological psychopathology

Abstract

The use of different phenomenological philosophies as a methodological inspiration in psychopathology certainly leads to methodological implications that must be taken into account. Karl Jaspers, who was inspired by Husserl's transcendental phenomenology, sought the essence so as to reach the generality of the lived psychopathology, thereby giving birth to general psychopathology. This paper advocates for the ambiguous phenomenological method, inspired by Merleau-Ponty's philosophy of ambiguity, as a means to describe the lived psychopathology as Lebenswelt at the intersection of singular and universal in the reversibility of the chiasm. By leaving aside the essence and turning to the Lebenswelt, the ambiguous phenomenological method assumes that the lived pathology is produced in the intersection between the world and man, with culture as a constitutive dimension.

Feelings and perceptions of women recovering from anorexia nervosa regarding their eating behavior

“…This study is a qualitative research 22 with a phenomenological approach 15,16,17,18,19,20 . The phenomenological method must seek the essence of the studied phenomenon, which can be achieved through three fundamental elements.…”

“…Firstly, although it is common to use the methodological procedure of saturation when sampling in qualitative research 41 , this methodology was not used in this study because only three women fit the inclusion criteria during the selection period. Nevertheless, it is important to consider that this study is grounded on a qualitative research, whose importance is not so much attributed to the number of information, but to the comprehension of the personal experience 15,16,17,18,19,20 . Secondly, as this study used a retrospective methodology, it is possible the occurrence of recall bias in the interviewee's reports.…”

“…The distinction between symptom and phenomenon is in the core of the phenomenological psychopathology and it represents a way of constructing and delimiting a phenomenological clinic model based on the experience. Research on phenomenological psychopathology allows a deeper comprehension of the individual's experience 18,19,20 .…”

O Tempo vivido em Mrs. Dalloway à Luz da Fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty

“…Em momento posterior, inspirado nos últimos anos do pensamento husserliano, o filósofo francês Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1942, 1945) resgata a temática do tempo para discutir sua implicação na constituição do Lebenswelt, compreendido como o mundo compartilhado por todos nós, sob o qual nossas experiências se desvelam e ganham significados. Esta noção não é o mundo que possuímos como objeto, ele é de ordem pré-reflexiva, imanente e imediata, correspondendo ao mundo de significações de nossas experiências (Merleau-Ponty, 1945Moreira, 2016). Para o autor, o tempo vivido, ou tempo da vida, está atrelado ao Lebenswelt de cada sujeito, pois é integrado ao devir como tempo vital e imediato (Tatossian, 1975(Tatossian, /20121979.…”

“…É no fluxo temporal que as percepções atribuem sentidos e significados aos fenômenos experienciados, o que nos revela a íntima relação entre o tempo e a subjetividade presente no romance. Para compreendê-la, utilizaremos como lente a fenomenologia da ambiguidade de Merleau-Ponty (Moreira, 2016), que nos permite fugir da linearidade simétrica das sucessões do instante agora para acessar o tempo que nasce de nossas relações com as coisas e com o mundo intersubjetivamente (Melo et al, 2016).…”