From family security to the welfare state: Path dependency of social security on the difference in legal origins

Nakabayashi, Masaki

doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2019.01.011

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Such connections have been theoretically and empirically confirmed in many studies. For example, in the study of opposing models of the country's political structure and respect for human rights (civil law and common law countries), Nakabayashi, M. (2019) proved that a welfare state is closely linked with family security. The different trends of welfare benefits that exist in countries with different types of social relations are largely the result of different family security models.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their creation in the form of social security systems and social safety nets depends on the goals and mechanism behind the formation of funds that should provide compensation in case of adverse events. But the meaning of social security as "security" takes into account mainly individual risks and efforts of the state to create appropriate safeguards and/or compensation funds (George, 2018;Luttmer & Samwick, 2018;Nakabayashi, 2019). At the national level, when defining its social security, the terms "security" and "safety" are very often used as synonyms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the shadow economy on social safety: The experience of Ukraine

Mishchuk¹,

Bilan²,

Yurchyk³

et al. 2020

Economics &Amp; Sociology

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The links between lawful economy and the shadow economy with social safety are investigated. Based on the existing methods of estimating the shadow economy, it is determined that its official level in Ukraine exceeds the critical one (30% according to the Ministry of Economy) by most estimation methods and was ranging from 18 to 46% in 2018. This significant shadowing of the economy has a negative impact on GDP (correlation coefficient -0.729) and; is directly related to the low competitiveness of the economy as per the world rankings. Having impact on the generation of secondary income through fiscal redistribution mechanisms, the shadow economy has a negative impact on the main components of social safety, including the spread of poverty, maintaining an inefficient cost structure with a high share of food expenditures (which is also a sign of low living standards); and limited housing opportunities. The relationship between the shadow economy on the one hand and economic & social safety on the other (-0.865 and -0.560, respectively) has been determined using the correlation analysis. Economic losses from the reduction of tax revenues to the budget have been estimated to confirm the need to develop mechanisms to unshadow the economy as one of top priorities for public administration in the social sphere in Ukraine.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the shadow economy on social safety: The experience of Ukraine

Mishchuk¹,

Bilan²,

Yurchyk³

et al. 2020

Economics &Amp; Sociology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, the choice to also offer cash benefits, alongside services in kind, was designed by the German government as a way to acknowledge the time invested by family caregivers (Da Roit and Le Bihan, 2007). In Japan, there is a strong sense of social responsibility originating from the Shogunate law, where the family is responsible for the care of its dependent members (Nakabayashi, 2019). Due to this perception, coupled with the high degree of prevailing strong masculine social norms (Alders and Schut, 2020), it was decided that cash allowances would not be available as feminist groups feared it could increase the pressure for women to provide care to family members, including in-laws (Ikegami, 2007).…”

Section: Out-of-pocket Payments or Private Arrangementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Is Out There and What Can We Learn? International Evidence on Funding and Delivery of Long-Term Care

Roland¹,

Forder²,

Jones³

2021

Social Policy and Society

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This article describes the social care funding and delivery arrangements of a varied selection of developed countries, focusing on long-term care of older people. International evidence and latest reforms can inform the debate as countries struggle economically. Some have opted for mandatory social insurance that provides universal coverage. A premium is paid and if the insured individual or relatives require support, they are entitled to it. Others opted for a similar universal system but with earmarked taxation, while others fund their social care entirely from general taxation. Many chose a safety-net system in which benefits are means-tested leaving wealthier individuals to secure private arrangements of care. Within the UK, the level of support varies as Scotland provides personal care free of charge, being more generous than England, Wales and Northern Ireland. There is no “one solution”, but understanding different options can help in the discussion of current and future reforms.

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“…6 In the countries with family-based care systems, like Japan, Germany, Austria and most of Mediterranean countries, the responsibility for the care of an older person with needs is primarily borne by their relatives. 6,7 Compared to the Netherlands, in Germany a much larger share of the respondents (40.7% vs. 5.3%) of the Eurobarometer questionnaire of 2007 stated that parents should live with their children "when an elderly father or mother who lives alone and can no longer manage to live without regular help because of her or his physical or mental health condition. " 8 By contrast, in the Netherlands more people responded that they should move to a nursing home (46.3% vs. 22.4%).…”

Section: The Role Of Culture and Social Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reason why the public LTCi scheme in Japan has been expanded despite the prevailing strong masculine social norms, may be explained by a combination of strong social obligations for the family to provide elderly care and a rapidly ageing population. 7 As pointed out by Nakabayashi 7 the expansion of the public LTCi scheme in Japan may have produced a net social welfare gain, as the benefits of alleviating families from the high burden of LTC provision may have outweighed the additional public expenditure on LTC.…”

Section: The Role Of Culture and Social Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financing Long-term Care: The Role of Culture and Social Norms Comment on "Financing Long-term Care: Lessons From Japan"

Alders

Schut

2019

Int J Health Policy Manag

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Based on the experiences of Japan and Germany, Ikegami argues that middle-income countries should introduce public long-term care insurance (LTCi) at an early stage, before benefits have expanded as a result of ad hoc policy decisions to win popular support. The experience of the Netherlands, however, shows that an early introduction of public LTCi may not prevent, but instead even facilitate later extensions of public coverage. We argue that social norms and cultural values about caring for the elderly might be the main driver of expansions of LTCi coverage. Furthermore, we posit that this expansion may reinforce the social norms supporting it. Hence, politicians and policy-makers should be aware of this possible self-reinforcing effect.

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From family security to the welfare state: Path dependency of social security on the difference in legal origins

Cited by 10 publications

References 87 publications

Impact of the shadow economy on social safety: The experience of Ukraine

Impact of the shadow economy on social safety: The experience of Ukraine

What Is Out There and What Can We Learn? International Evidence on Funding and Delivery of Long-Term Care

Financing Long-term Care: The Role of Culture and Social Norms Comment on "Financing Long-term Care: Lessons From Japan"

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