From flasks to single used bioreactor: Scale-up of solid state fermentation process for metabolites and conidia production by Trichoderma asperellum

Abstract

A B S T R A C TCurrently, the increasing demand of biopesticides production to replace chemical pesticides which are excessively used has made solid state fermentation (SSF) technology the need of the hour. In spite of advantages, true potential of SSF process has not been fully realized at industrial scale. A fermentation process for 6-pentyl-apyrone (6 PP), conidia, and lytic enzymes (cellulases, lipase, amylase) production by Trichoderma asperellum TF1 was scaled-up from 250 mL flasks and glass Raimbault column packed with 20 g of solid substrates (dry weight) to 5 Kg of solid substrate by using a new plastic single used bioreactor. For column and single used bioreactor, the fermentation was done with the application of humid air during all the process however flasks are not hermetically closed that some oxygen could flow by diffusion. T. asperellum growth was investigated using a mixture of vine shoots, jatropha cake, olive pomace and olive oil as substrate in all systems in parallel at 25°C during 7 days. Overall, the conditions applied on the single used bioreactor resulted in the optimum 6-PP production (7.36 ± 0.37 mg g DM −1 ), lipases (38.73 ± 0.21U/g DM), amylases (15.22 ± 0.13 U/g DM), and conidia production (8.55 ± 0.04 × 10 9 conidia/g DM).

Screening of Organic Substrates for Solid-State Fermentation, Viability and Bioefficacy of Trichoderma harzianum AS12-2, a Biocontrol Strain Against Rice Sheath Blight Disease

“…Sargin et al [37] tested various inexpensive agricultural co-products, including wheat bran, sawdust, rice straw, hazelnut shell, grape marc and cotton seed cake, for propagule production of a T. harzianum strain, and reported that the maximum micropropagule count was achieved with a wheat bran-malt sprout mixture. Rayhane et al [20] studied a fermentation process for enzymes and conidia with a T. asperellum strain and scaled-up the process from flask and glass column to a bioreactor. Fungal growth and sporulation were investigated using a mixture of vine shoots, jatropha cake, olive pomace and olive oil as substrate.…”

“…Solid-state fermentation (SSF) and liquid state fermentation or submerged fermentation (SmF) are two methods for the propagule production of fungal biocontrol agents [15]. SSF has appeared as a suitable technology for the production of microbial biomass [20], and is defined as a process that involves the cultivation of microorganisms on an organic solid substrate, which is generally a non-soluble material that serves as physical support as well as nutrient source [21]. Filamentous fungi are the most frequently used microorganisms for SSF technology [22].…”

“…SSF has noticeable economic potential in the biopesticide industry [26,27], and offers several advantages over SmF, including higher fermentation productivity, higher product stability, lower capital and operating costs, simpler equipment and media, lower water and energy requirements, less technical difficulties, no need to control several parameters, easier downstream processing and lower demand on sterility due to the low water activity [27][28][29][30][31]. SSF simulates the natural conditions and habitat for fungi [22,32], and it is well adapted to the metabolism of these microorganisms [20]. The fungal spore is the most resistant propagule that survives adverse environmental conditions, especially desiccation [29,33].…”

“…in the hope of developing effective and safe bioproducts as substitutes for chemicals for the control of plant diseases [17,[58][59][60][61]. The most common formulations of Trichoderma are wettable powder and granules [55,62], and SSF is a routine biological system for mass production [20,23,25,42,44,[63][64][65][66][67].…”

Recent advances in production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by solid-state fermentation of agro-industrial wastes

“…Orange pomace is the main byproduct used for pectinase production owing to the high content of pectin, which acts as an inductor [26,27]. The mixture of agro-industrial wastes is a strategy widely used to carry out SSF [15, 28,29] because a single by-product may not provide all the essential nutrients for microbial growth.…”