2024
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169323
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From fuzzy-TOPSIS to machine learning: A holistic approach to understanding groundwater fluoride contamination

Rupsha Nandi,
Sandip Mondal,
Jajati Mandal
et al.
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Cited by 6 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…The single factor pollution index has been done to evaluate the groundwater contamination with a special focus on F – , by the following equation I i = C i C o where I i represents the specific indices, C i signifies the toxic component concentration in groundwater and C o denotes the permissible concentration of the toxic contaminant set by the standard guidelines. The respective C o value for F – in drinking water is 1.5 mg/L. , Groundwater contamination factors are classified into 4 groups or classes: first group/class: I i < 1.0 (low contamination), second group/class: 1.0 ≤ I i < 3.0 (moderate contamination), third group/class: 3.0 ≤ I i < 6.0 (considerable contamination) and fourth group/class: I i ≥ 6.0 (high contamination). , …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The single factor pollution index has been done to evaluate the groundwater contamination with a special focus on F – , by the following equation I i = C i C o where I i represents the specific indices, C i signifies the toxic component concentration in groundwater and C o denotes the permissible concentration of the toxic contaminant set by the standard guidelines. The respective C o value for F – in drinking water is 1.5 mg/L. , Groundwater contamination factors are classified into 4 groups or classes: first group/class: I i < 1.0 (low contamination), second group/class: 1.0 ≤ I i < 3.0 (moderate contamination), third group/class: 3.0 ≤ I i < 6.0 (considerable contamination) and fourth group/class: I i ≥ 6.0 (high contamination). , …”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fluoride concentration in groundwater was estimated electrochemically with the help of an ion-selective electrode (ISE) meter (Model: Orion Star A214, Thermo Scientific) combined with F – ion selective electrode probe (Orion ISE model no 9609BNWP) following the recommended protocol by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). , Aliquots of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L were directly prepared through serial dilution from the standard stock solution of F – (100 mg/L) (Orion 940907, Thermo Scientific). The calibration was performed using the same combination solution containing Total Ionic Strength Adjusting Buffer III (TISAB-III) (Orion 940911, Thermo Scientific) in a ratio of 1:10 (buffer:sample) .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Junlin Cao and Fangfang Xu [22] combined the fuzzy TOPSIS method based on fuzzy entropy weight (VEWFTOPSIS), the TOPSIS method based on entropy and interval linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy sets (EILIF-TOPSIS), and the intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS method based on information entropy attribute importance (IEAI-IF-TOPSIS), proposing a comprehensive MADM method to evaluate large-scale projects. Fahmi, R. Nandi, and Ali et al [23][24][25] further improved the TOPSIS method by proposing the Fuzzy TOPSIS (F-TOPSIS) method, and applied this method to rank major projects in various fields, including agriculture and electrical engineering. Watrobski, J [26] addressed a limitation in classic MCDA, where models are based solely on a single set of input data.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%