From Gondwana to the Yellow Sea, evolutionary diversifications of true toads Bufo sp. in the Eastern Palearctic and a revisit of species boundaries for Asian lineages

Othman, Siti N.; Litvinchuk, Spartak N.; Maslova, Irina V.; Dahn, Hollis A.; Messenger, Kevin R.; Andersen, Desiree; Jowers, Michael J.; Kojima, Yosuke; Skorinov, Dmitriy V.; Yasumiba, Kiyomi; Chuang, Ming‐Feng; Chen, Yi-Huey; Bae, Yoonhyuk; Hoti, Jennifer; Jang, Yikweon; Borzée, Amaël

doi:10.7554/elife.70494

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…However, the magnitude of plasticity in thermal tolerance in response to environmental signals is expected to be different between species, depending on their thermal sensitivity. Considering that B. sachalinensis is an ecological generalist and has a broad distribution range [ 31 ], especially when compared to R. uenoi [ 28 ], the environmental variability within the five-degree latitudinal gradient studied is not sufficiently large to show plasticity in CTmax, and therefore may preclude the species from adapting to climate change, despite demonstrated variations in responses to environmental variables within the range of the species [ 39 ]. Alternatively, it is possible that B. sachalinensis does not need to show plasticity in CTmax due to their generalist lifestyle or because of other mechanisms of regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During development in rice paddies, tadpoles are likely to receive intense insolation due to the absence of surrounding vegetation and the low water depth. The other species, Bufo sachalinensis (following [ 31 ]) typically breeds in March in large water bodies such as reservoirs. Being explosive breeders, the breeding season of B. sachalinensis is generally synchronized across the country [ 32 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latitude-Induced and Behaviorally Thermoregulated Variations in Upper Thermal Tolerance of Two Anuran Species

Kim

Chuang

Borzée

et al. 2022

Biology

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Although thermal tolerance along geographical gradients gives an insight into species’ response to climate change, current studies on thermal tolerance are strongly skewed towards global-scale patterns. As a result, intraspecific variations are often assumed to be constant, despite a lack of evidence. To understand population-specific responses to thermal stress, we investigated the presence of intraspecific variations in the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of tadpoles in two anuran species, Rana uenoi and Bufo sachalinensis. The study was conducted across a five-degree latitudinal gradient in the Republic of Korea. We exposed the tadpoles to increasing temperatures and recorded the CTmax for 270 R. uenoi individuals from 11 sites, collected in rice paddies, and for 240 B. sachalinensis individuals from ten sites, collected in reservoirs. We also recorded the swimming performance and behavior of the tadpoles when placed in an experimental apparatus during CTmax measurements. We then used linear regressions to determine the relationship between abiotic factors and CTmax. In R. uenoi, we found a positive relationship between latitude and CTmax, but the tadpoles did not display specific thermoregulatory behaviors. In B. sachalinensis, none of the abiotic factors such as climate and geographic coordinates were related to CTmax, but we detected a tendency to swim close to the water surface when water temperature was increasing. For R. uenoi, we tentatively relate the CTmax variability across the latitudinal gradient to a physiological adaptive response associated with habitat characteristics that are assumed to be fluctuating, as the species inhabits small water bodies prone to drying out. In the case of B. sachalinensis, the behavior observed may be linked to oxygen depletion and thermoregulation, as it may buffer temperature changes in the absence of physiological adjustment. These findings suggest that intra-specific variations in CTmax are greater than generally accounted for, and thermal conditions of natural environments are important for understanding thermal tolerance in ectothermic species. Our results highlight that species’ specific responses to climate warmings need to be studied to better protect species against climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitude-Induced and Behaviorally Thermoregulated Variations in Upper Thermal Tolerance of Two Anuran Species

Kim

Chuang

Borzée

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…The official data were provided by the National Institute of Ecology in South Korea. We (2023) 10:15 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01924-z www.nature.com/scientificdata www.nature.com/scientificdata/ followed the 2020 National Species List of the National Institute of Biological Resources for Korea (https://species.nibr.go.kr/index.do) for scientific names and original data sources for subspecies names when applicable, due to taxonomic equivocacy among some of the local species within the Korean Peninsula (e.g., Jeon et al 55 ; Othman et al 56 ) and the availability of official species list at the time of study. Two non-native, invasive species on the National Species List, Lithobates catesbeianus and Trachemys scripta, were also included in the study for comparison with other native amphibians and reptiles, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional group analyses of herpetofauna in South Korea using a large dataset

2023

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Functional traits are characteristics of species that affect their fitness and ecosystem, and they greatly influence ecological niches. Thus, biodiversity assessment based on functional groups rather than species per se can more realistically reflect the ecological niche space. As essential players of ecosystem functions, herpetofauna are appropriate subjects of functional trait-based analyses. In this study, using a nationwide dataset and applying trait information and ecological niche modeling, the richness within each functional group, and the taxonomic and functional diversity indices of South Korean herpetofauna were visualized to identify and compare the geographic distributions. The results revealed that the reptile community seemed more locally diverse with more overlapping randomized patterns among groups than amphibians, while amphibians showed wider distributions and a higher within-grid occurrence ratio. Functional diversity indices of reptiles also showed more randomized geographic patterns with higher levels at Jejudo Island than amphibians. The findings of this study may help to identify biodiversity hot spots and understand its ecosystem health. Increasing survey data and trait information will improve the assessment.

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“…With a 49-day breeding period, based on 131 observations across 17 years, Bufo sachalinensis (previously Bufo gargarizans Othman et al, 2022) was the only amphibian in the Republic of Korea that fit the definition applied to explosive breeder. Consequently, the other species were categorised as nonexplosive breeding species.…”

Section: Breeding Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding phenology and landscape use in all amphibian species from the Republic of Korea based on open-source data

Groffen

Andersen²,

Borzée³

2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Biodiversity is declining worldwide with habitat loss and climate change being among the main threats. While it is easy to quantify habitat loss, the impacts of climate change are less obvious. It is therefore important to understand species habitat use and breeding phenology before a significant shift results in the loss of knowledge. Here, we determined the habitat use and breeding phenology for all Korean amphibian species based on citizen science (8,763 observations), collected between 1997–2020. We found the breeding seasons as we defined them to be generally shorter than described in the literature despite large variations between species. Species were further dichotomised into early and late breeders with breeding periods peaking in mid-March and mid-June respectively. We found early breeding species to have a shortened hibernating period with only six days being consistently devoid of observations over the 23 years of the period studied for the species with the shortest inactive season. Habitat use was significantly different between all species, with pair-wise comparisons highlighting greater differences among rather than within genera, highlighting the threats to species across all genera. In addition, our results set a baseline for future analyses about climate change and habitat use.

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From Gondwana to the Yellow Sea, evolutionary diversifications of true toads Bufo sp. in the Eastern Palearctic and a revisit of species boundaries for Asian lineages

Cited by 23 publications

References 97 publications

Latitude-Induced and Behaviorally Thermoregulated Variations in Upper Thermal Tolerance of Two Anuran Species

Latitude-Induced and Behaviorally Thermoregulated Variations in Upper Thermal Tolerance of Two Anuran Species

Functional group analyses of herpetofauna in South Korea using a large dataset

Breeding phenology and landscape use in all amphibian species from the Republic of Korea based on open-source data

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