From government to governance? Forest certification and crisis displacement in Ontario, Canada

Hackett, Ryan

doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2013.01.003

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The involvement of the MoF in the forest certification arrangement indicates that private governance is not the final and stable form of this regime, as is argued by some scholars (e.g. Hackett, 2013;. In addition, the MoF uses its authority to reclaim authority over private actors (see also Giessen et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

From voluntary private to mandatory state governance in Indonesian forest certification: Reclaiming authority by bureaucracies

Wibowo¹,

Gießen

2018

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Forest certification has been introduced by non-state actors as a voluntary and market-based instrument addressing forest problems, which state policies failed to resolve. Lately, however, state-driven forest-related certification schemes can be observed, e.g. in Indonesia, through the EU FLEGT-VPA negotiation process. It is argued, specific state agencies in a struggle for power and authority develop mandatory certification schemes which are directly competing with private ones. Before this background, the aims of this study are: (i) describing the current trend from voluntary private to mandatory state certification schemes in Indonesia, (ii) mapping the main actors involved in certification politics, and (iii) explaining this trend with the interests of the main actors. The results confirm a trend from voluntary private to mandatory state-driven certification of forest management. The Ministry of Forestry, the Ministry of Trade, the Ministry of Industry, wood producer and processing associations, European Union, local funding organizations, environmental organizations, certification bodies and international buyers are detected as the main coalitions and actors in the certification politics. The stronger coalition develops a mandatorily-timber legality verification system as strategies to counter their voluntary private competitor schemes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

From voluntary private to mandatory state governance in Indonesian forest certification: Reclaiming authority by bureaucracies

Wibowo¹,

Gießen

2018

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“…On the one hand they addressed important gaps in managing ecosystems; on the other they are viewed as nondemocratic, with industry having the power to greenwash and pre-empt more stringent environmental policies that would be in the public interest. Although the original FSC stance on the development of regional SFM standards was to reduce government involvement (Tollefson et al 2008), provincial governments remained influential actors around forest certification, by providing preferential treatment to Crown license holders and informing certification of standard development (Hackett 2013).…”

Section: Role Of Governmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Governance as a driver of change in the Canadian boreal zone¹

Fuss

Steenberg

Weber³

et al. 2019

Environ. Rev.

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The Canadian boreal forest is primarily public land, owned and managed by provincial governments on behalf of the public interest. Boreal forest governance consists of a complex patchwork of federal and provincial legislation, policies, tenures, and delegated authorities designed to achieve multiple (and often conflicting) social, ecological, and economic objectives. We examine the implications of boreal governance arrangements for sustainable management of ecosystem services. The paper shows how current multi-level governance arrangements that evolved from Canada’s Constitution Act are not effective at managing the cross-scale and cross-sectoral challenges of ecosystem services and have created a crisis of legitimacy for forest decisions. We show how the rise of nonstate arrangements, marketization, and decentralization are partly a response to governance gaps for ecosystem services as well as a reflection of global trends in forest governance. Past trends related to governance themes (the role and scope of government, the level of integration and coordination, Indigenous empowerment, and geopolitical influences) are used to motivate future governance scenarios.

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“…It was also noted that that the same standards may be verified differently by different auditors, when identifying the differences from both certified and non-certified areas (Rametsteiner and Simula 2003;Johansson and Lidestav 2011). Recent debate has also suggested that the certification schemes downgrade the role of public institutions and governments in managing natural resources; the FC schemes are used as a political tool by NGOs to impose rules on national forest standards or timber companies (Hackett 2013;Ulybina and Fennell 2013;Henry and Tysiachniouk 2018).…”

Section: Recent Studies On Forest Certificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is largely believed that the failure of the international community to develop a common-ground approach to tackle the issue of deforestation and forest degradation because of illegal logging was a key element in the creation of the FC schemes (Hackett 2013). Moreover, pressure from environmentally conscious consumers, driven by the rise of social and environmental activism orchestrated by prominent NGOs, created a political shift from government to governance with non-state stakeholders actively participating in the decision-making processes (Hackett 2013). Other drivers for the adoption of FC were economic globalization and multilateral trade agreements, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), which facilitate the flow of multi-billions worth of goods and commodities between countries and continents (Tian et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of forest industries compliance to forest certification standards in northwestern Russia

Trishkin¹

2019

Diss. For.

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Russian boreal forests (taiga) cover an area of over 800 million hectares, which accounts for 20 % of the global forest resource and 47 % of the total territory of the Russian Federation. Russian forests are faced with several pressing environmental, institutional, and economic challenges of which illegal logging is a major concern. Forest Certification (FC) is a voluntary, market-driven mechanism involving a third-party auditing service ("the certifier") where the quality of forest management and production practices are systematically assessed against a set of specific requirements ("standards") with the aim of informing end-users of the sustainability of the forests from which the wood originated. Currently, Russia has approximately 43 million hectares of forests under the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification scheme, and the FSC has granted 235 forest management (FM) certificates and 796 chain of custody (COC) certificates. National and transnational timber companies in Russia largely shape and influence the forest certification process. This thesis investigated the perceptions of certified and non-certified companies towards FC, and to what degree the representatives of these companies agree with the benefits and barriers of the FC process in the Russian context. The timber tracking system and the Due Diligence System (DDS) employed by each company were analyzed to investigate their effectiveness in tracking and preventing illegal timber entering the timber supply chain of the company. Moreover, non-conformities (NCs) to FSC Principles during the period 2011-2015 were collected and analyzed to reveal the degree of severity (minor and/or major) as per the FSC principles, geographical location, and size of leased forest area. The results of these interconnected studies showed that both certified and non-certified companies perceive FC as an economic initiative and as an opportunity for new markets. FC is seen to provide access to new markets and, thus, enables additional sales but also ensures legality of the timber and improves the company's image and competitiveness in foreign markets. The company's own tracking system and DDS appeared functional, but require further improvements to meet EU Timber Regulation requirements (Article II). Analyzes of the major and minor NCs in the Northwestern region and within the Russian Federation showed that the number of minor NCs have increased since 2011; from 221 to 363 incidents by 2015, which also coincides with the increase in the number of issued FSC certificates i.e. increased area under certification. The Republic of Karelia and the Arkhangelsk region had the highest recorded minor NCs, particularly for FSC Principle 6 "Environmental impactto maintain or restore the ecosystem, its biodiversity, resources and landscapes". The results further indicated that the total number of identified NCs was highest for large-size leaseholders in the Northwestern region. However, in the Russian Federation as a whole the majority of minor and major NCs occurred with small...

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From government to governance? Forest certification and crisis displacement in Ontario, Canada

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

From voluntary private to mandatory state governance in Indonesian forest certification: Reclaiming authority by bureaucracies

From voluntary private to mandatory state governance in Indonesian forest certification: Reclaiming authority by bureaucracies

Governance as a driver of change in the Canadian boreal zone¹

Assessment of forest industries compliance to forest certification standards in northwestern Russia

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From government to governance? Forest certification and crisis displacement in Ontario, Canada

Cited by 23 publications

References 28 publications

From voluntary private to mandatory state governance in Indonesian forest certification: Reclaiming authority by bureaucracies

From voluntary private to mandatory state governance in Indonesian forest certification: Reclaiming authority by bureaucracies

Governance as a driver of change in the Canadian boreal zone1

Assessment of forest industries compliance to forest certification standards in northwestern Russia

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Product

Resources

About

Governance as a driver of change in the Canadian boreal zone¹