From head to toes: the multiple facets of Sox proteins

Wegner, Michael

doi:10.1093/nar/27.6.1409

Cited by 806 publications

(706 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…To determine whether Sox factors are indeed capable of interacting with this element, we generated full-length L-Sox5, Sox6, Sox8, and Sox9 proteins by in vitro transcription and translation. These factors were chosen since they are representative of the Sox genes expressed in both the developing FNP and LBM (Lefebvre et al, 1998;Wegner, 1999). We observed robust and specific protein:DNA complexes in the presence of Sox5, Sox6, or Sox9 programmed extracts, and a weaker interaction in the presence of Sox8 (Fig.…”

Section: Sox Factors Bind the Dce In Vitromentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The Group E factor, Sox9, is an enticing candidate, given both its role in chondrogenesis and its responsiveness to retinoic acid (Bi et al, 1999(Bi et al, , 2001Sekiya et al, 2000;Akiyama et al, 2002Akiyama et al, , 2004MoriAkiyama et al, 2003;Sahar et al, 2005), an agent known to alter AP-2␣ expression in vitro and in vivo (Williams et al, 1988;Lü scher et al, 1989;Philipp et al, 1994;Shen et al, 1997). Another Group E candidate, Sox8, is expressed coincident with Tcfap2a in the face and limbs (Wegner, 1999;Schepers et al, 2000). Mouse Sox8 can also regulate osteoblast differentiation, while SOX8 maps to a chromosomal locus implicated in the human syndrome ATR-16, which has associated craniofacial anomalies (Pfeifer et al, 2000;Schmidt et al, 2005).…”

Section: Sox Proteins Interact With the Tcfap2a Enhancer Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frontal nasal prominence expression driven by Tcfap2a relies on a conserved binding site for STAT proteins

Donner

Williams

2006

Developmental Dynamics

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The AP-2 transcription factor family is linked with development of the head and limbs in both vertebrate and invertebrate species. Recent evidence has also implicated this gene family in the evolution of the neural crest in chordates, a critical step that allowed the development and elaboration of the vertebrate craniofacial skeleton. In mice, the inappropriate embryonic expression of one particular AP-2 gene, Tcfap2a, encoding AP-2␣, results in multiple developmental abnormalities, including craniofacial and limb defects. Thus, Tcfap2a provides a valuable genetic resource to analyze the regulatory hierarchy responsible for the evolution and development of the face and limbs. Previous studies have identified a 2-kilobase intronic region of both the mouse and human AP-2␣ locus that directs expression of a linked LacZ transgene to the facial processes and the distal mesenchyme of the limb bud in transgenic mice. Further analysis identified two highly conserved regions of ϳ200 -400 bp within this tissue-specific enhancer. We have now initiated a transgenic and biochemical analysis of the most important of these highly conserved regions. Our analysis indicates that although the sequences regulating face and limb expression have been integrated into a single enhancer, different cis-acting sequences ultimately control these two expression domains. Moreover, these studies demonstrate that a conserved STAT binding site provides a major contribution to the expression of Tcfap2a in the facial prominences. Developmental Dynamics 235: 1358 -1370, 2006.

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Section: Sox Factors Bind the Dce In Vitromentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Sox Proteins Interact With the Tcfap2a Enhancer Elementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal nasal prominence expression driven by Tcfap2a relies on a conserved binding site for STAT proteins

Donner

Williams

2006

Developmental Dynamics

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“…First-strand cDNA synthesis was performed using 1 lg of mRNA in a total reaction volume of 20 lL with 1 lL of oligo (dT) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] primer (Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany) and the Superscript TM III Reverse Transcriptase kit (Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany). Reaction mixtures were incubated at 65 C for 5 min, 50 C for 50 min and 85 C for 5 min.…”

Section: Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,15 The SOX genes constitute a large family of diverse and well-conserved genes, which encode transcription factors. [16][17][18] Members of this gene family are subdivided on a homology basis into ten groups (A to J), and SOX group F comprises the SOX 7, 17 and 18 genes. 17 SOX 18 is transiently expressed in the endothelial cells of all developing blood vessels and has a key role in both vascular development and postnatal neovascularization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16][17][18] Members of this gene family are subdivided on a homology basis into ten groups (A to J), and SOX group F comprises the SOX 7, 17 and 18 genes. 17 SOX 18 is transiently expressed in the endothelial cells of all developing blood vessels and has a key role in both vascular development and postnatal neovascularization. 15,[19][20][21] SOX 18 is highly expressed in the ventricles and interventricular septum of the normal adult heart, and relatively highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, i.e., in the stomach and jejunum.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The lymphangiogenic factor SOX 18: A key indicator to stage gastric tumor progression

Eom¹,

Jo²,

Kook³

et al. 2011

Intl Journal of Cancer

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SOX group F genes are important regulators of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between Sox group F expression and clinicopathological factors in gastric cancer. Three hundred and fifteen gastric cancer tissues and the corresponding normal gastric tissue were obtained from the tumor bank at the National Cancer Center, Korea. SOX group F mRNA levels in these tissues were evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The serum levels of SOX 18 proteins in 219 gastric cancer patients and in 30 healthy volunteers were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 679 gastric cancer tissues and the clinicopathological characteristics, as well as the survival rates of SOX 18 positive and negative gastric cancers were compared. RT-PCR showed that SOX group F mRNA was increased in the gastric cancer tissues compared to the normal gastric tissues (p < 0.001, respectively). The serum levels of SOX 18 protein were also increased in gastric cancer patients compared to healthy volunteers. IHC showed that of the 679 gastric cancer cases, 177 (26.1%) were positive for SOX 18 expression in their tumor stroma, and the frequencies of both lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastases were higher in the SOX 18 positive than in the negative group. Both the 5-year survival and the recurrence-free survival were shorter for SOX 18 positive tumors (p 5 0.023 and 0.012, respectively). SOX 18 expression might be a prognostic tumor marker and a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer.Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world and, annually, about 1 million new cases are diagnosed worldwide. 1 In South Korea, gastric cancer has a higher incidence than any other cancer, and is the third most common cause of death from cancer. 2 The prognosis of patients with gastric cancer is influenced by the presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis, therefore, an accurate and reliable indicator is required to predict the presence of LN metastasis. Furthermore, a biomolecular predictor of LN metastasis can be a prognostic marker or a potential therapeutic target. [3][4][5] Recently, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were found to be critically required for solid tumor growth, invasion and distant metastases. 6-8 Previous molecular and cellular analyses have identified a number of factors of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, such as, the fibroblast growth factor, the vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin. 9-13 Similarly, specific gene-based studies recently discovered the lymphangiogenesis associated SOX genes (i.e., sex determining region Y box genes). 14,15 The SOX genes constitute a large family of diverse and well-conserved genes, which encode transcription factors. [16][17][18] Members of this gene family are subdivided on a homology basis into ten groups (A to J), and SOX group F comprises the SOX 7, 17 and 18 genes. 17 SOX 18 is transiently expressed in the ...

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Potential Role of Sox9 in Patterning Tracheal Cartilage Ring Formation in an Embryonic Mouse Model

Elluru¹,

Whitsett²

2004

Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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To identify genes expressed early in the formation of the mouse trachea that control patterning of tracheal cartilaginous rings. Design: The mouse larynx and trachea begin as an outpouching from the ventral foregut endoderm at embryonic day (E) 9. Digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes to putative tracheal patterning genes were generated by in vitro transcription. Embryos ranging in age from E9 to E16 were then subjected to whole-mount in situ hybridization using these labeled RNA probes. The RNA probes were then localized using antidigoxigenin antibodies tagged with a reporter molecule. In this manner, the 3-dimensional spatial and temporal expression of putative tracheal patterning genes was examined.

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From head to toes: the multiple facets of Sox proteins

Cited by 806 publications

References 119 publications

Frontal nasal prominence expression driven by Tcfap2a relies on a conserved binding site for STAT proteins

Frontal nasal prominence expression driven by Tcfap2a relies on a conserved binding site for STAT proteins

The lymphangiogenic factor SOX 18: A key indicator to stage gastric tumor progression

Potential Role of Sox9 in Patterning Tracheal Cartilage Ring Formation in an Embryonic Mouse Model

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