From Heroes' Groves to Parks of Peace: Landscapes of remembrance, protest and peace

Abstract

The public space surrounding war memorials and military monuments has always been important in the iconography of remembrance. In the 19th century these spaces often took the form of garden cemeteries and memorial plantations; after the First World War large tracts of former battle eld were preserved as sacred spaces which were essential to the process of ritual pilgrimage. After 1945 there was a considerable shift in the landscapes of war: memorial schemes more often took a pragmatic and utilitarian form, and desolated cities such as Hiroshima (and to a lesser extent Dresden and Coventry) became the cornerstone for anti-war movements in the late 1950s and 1960s. This period saw the emergence of a symbolic landscape of protest, which often co-existed uncomfortably as a place of tourism. Through a study of such sites the various types of 'peace landscape' are analysed, from environmental schemes such as trans-border parks to political interventions in the form of peace gardens. In the nal section a recent design competition for a peace park in Turkey is examined and compared with similar complex environments in the US and Northern Ireland.

Mapping grief. A conceptual framework for understanding the spatial dimensions of bereavement, mourning and remembrance

“…Physical spaces associated with grief and mourning are material in form, and can range in scale: artefacts such as books, clothing or memory boxes (Riches & Dawson, 1998), domestic shrines with photographs and candles (Wojtkowiak & Venbrux, 2010), public formal or informal memorials or evocative landscapes (Foote, 2003;Gough, 2000;Maddrell, 2009aMaddrell, , 2009bMaddrell, , 2010Maddrell, , 2011Margry & Sanchez-Carretero, 2011). Physical spaces of memorialisation are part of the fabric and meaning of place (see Howard, 2003;Johnson, 1995).…”

Researching Militarized Landscapes: A Literature Review on War and the Militarization of the Environment

“…11. Alongside Paul Gough's work on how gardens and trans-national peace parks become sites in which to promote peace and co-operation (Gough, 2000), Helphand's research points to fruitful avenues of inquiry into war and gardening (2006). For more on peace parks, see Ali (2007).…”

Jackson'sConcluding with landscapes– full circle

“…This sentiment was the driving force behind the work of one of America's most important scholars of cultural landscapes, John Brinkerhoff Jackson (1909Jackson ( -1996. He shared this fascination with his readers and his work still has a strong -and in Europe still growing -impact on landscape architecture and landscape theory (Gough 2000;Jones and Dougstadt 1997;Nadaï & van der Horst 2010;Panagopoulos 2009). In the light of more recent research on the history of the term 'landscape' we are revisiting Jackson's article Concluding with Landscapes (1984) because it has assumed major importance in the German discussion.…”