From Hospital to Community: Exploring Antibiotic Resistance and Genes Associated with Virulence Factor Diversity of Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci

Aqel, Hazem; Sannan, Naif S; Foudah, Ramy

doi:10.3390/antibiotics12071147

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 54 publications

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“…Infections caused by MRSA can be managed more effectively if clinicians detect it early and prescribe the appropriate antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant strains, such as MRSA, have presented significant challenges to treatment [8,9]. Apart from being one of the most common causes of infectious diseases in humans, MRSA is also a pathogen that significantly impacts animal welfare due to increased drug resistance and costs associated with it [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Protein Fingerprinting for Identifying and Discriminating Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Inpatient and Outpatient Clinics

Elbehiry,

Marzouk,

Moussa

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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In hospitals and other clinical settings, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a particularly dangerous pathogen that can cause serious or even fatal infections. Thus, the detection and differentiation of MRSA has become an urgent matter in order to provide appropriate treatment and timely intervention in infection control. To ensure this, laboratories must have access to the most up-to-date testing methods and technology available. This study was conducted to determine whether protein fingerprinting technology could be used to identify and distinguish MRSA recovered from both inpatients and outpatients. A total of 326 S. aureus isolates were obtained from 2800 in- and outpatient samples collected from King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from October 2018 to March 2021. For the phenotypic identification of 326 probable S. aureus cultures, microscopic analysis, Gram staining, a tube coagulase test, a Staph ID 32 API system, and a Vitek 2 Compact system were used. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), referred to as protein fingerprinting, was performed on each bacterial isolate to determine its proteomic composition. As part of the analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a single-peak analysis of MALDI-TOF MS software were also used to distinguish between Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and MRSA. According to the results, S. aureus isolates constituted 326 out of 2800 (11.64%) based on the culture technique. The Staph ID 32 API system and Vitek 2 Compact System were able to correctly identify 262 (80.7%) and 281 (86.2%) S. aureus strains, respectively. Based on the Oxacillin Disc Diffusion Method, 197 (62.23%) of 326 isolates of S. aureus exhibited a cefoxitin inhibition zone of less than 21 mm and an oxacillin inhibition zone of less than 10 mm, and were classified as MRSA under Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. MALDI-TOF MS was able to correctly identify 100% of all S. aureus isolates with a score value equal to or greater than 2.00. In addition, a close relationship was found between S. aureus isolates and higher peak intensities in the mass ranges of 3990 Da, 4120 Da, and 5850 Da, which were found in MRSA isolates but absent in MSSA isolates. Therefore, protein fingerprinting has the potential to be used in clinical settings to rapidly detect and differentiate MRSA isolates, allowing for more targeted treatments and improved patient outcomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Protein Fingerprinting for Identifying and Discriminating Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Inpatient and Outpatient Clinics

Elbehiry,

Marzouk,

Moussa

et al. 2023

Diagnostics

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Genomic analysis of multi-drug resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from healthy humans and animals revealed unusual mechanisms of resistance and CRISPR-Cas system

Abdullahi,

Lozano,

Latorre-Fernández

et al. 2024

Int Microbiol

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Background Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are evolving as major reservoirs and vectors of unusual and critical antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms. Materials and methods In this study, the genomic characterization of 26 multidrug-resistant (MDR)-CoNS (S. borealis, S. saprophyticus, S. sciuri, S. hominis, S. epidermidis, S. pasteuri, S. hyicus, S. simulans, S. haemolyticus, and S. arlettae) previously obtained from the nasal cavity of healthy nestling storks, humans who had no contact with animals, pigs, and pig farmers, as well as dogs and dog owners from Spain was performed. High-quality draft genomes obtained by Illumina sequencing technology were used to determine their resistome, virulome, mobile genetic elements, and CRISPR-Cas types. The relatedness of three CoNS species with publicly available genomes was assessed by core-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Results AMR genes to all classes of antibiotics in staphylococci were detected including unusual ones (mecC, ermT, and cfr), of which their corresponding genetic organizations were analyzed. About 96.1% of the MDR-CoNS strains harbored diverse adherence or immune evasion genes. Remarkably, one enterotoxin-C and -L-carrying S. epidermidis-ST595 strain from a nestling stork was detected. Moreover, various plasmid bound-biocide resistance genes (qacACGJ) were identified in 34.6% of the MDR-CoNS. Two genes that encode for cadmium and zinc resistance (cadD, czrC) were found, of which czrC predominated (42.3%). Complete CRISPR-Cas system was detected in 19.2% of the CoNS strains, of which cas-1, -2, and -9 predominated, especially in 75% of the S. borealis strains. The phylogenetic analysis identified clusters of related S. epidermidis lineages with those of other countries (SNP < 100). Also, highly related S. borealis isolates (SNP < 10) from pigs was confirmed for the first time in Spain. Conclusion These findings showed that various ecological niches harbor CoNS that presented MDR phenotypes mediated by multiple AMR genes carried by mobile genetic elements with relatively low frequency of intact CRISPR-Cas systems. Furthermore, the transmission of some CoNS species in humans and animals is strongly suggested.

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From Hospital to Community: Exploring Antibiotic Resistance and Genes Associated with Virulence Factor Diversity of Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci

Cited by 2 publications

References 54 publications

Using Protein Fingerprinting for Identifying and Discriminating Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Inpatient and Outpatient Clinics

Using Protein Fingerprinting for Identifying and Discriminating Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Inpatient and Outpatient Clinics

Genomic analysis of multi-drug resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from healthy humans and animals revealed unusual mechanisms of resistance and CRISPR-Cas system

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