From imperialism to inpatient care: Work differences of Filipino and White registered nurses in the United States and implications for COVID‐19 through an intersectional lens

Nazareno, Jennifer; Yoshioka, Emily; Adia, Alexander; Restar, Arjee; Operario, Don; Choy, Catherine Ceniza

doi:10.1111/gwao.12657

Cited by 33 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Filipino nurses have been central to the U.S. health care system since the 1960s, when there was rapid migration of Filipino nurses to the United States (Choy, 2003). These nurses may be more likely to work in critical care settings where the potential for COVID-19 exposure is highest, affecting vaccine uptake (Juardo & Saria, 2018; Nau et al, 2021; Nazareno et al, 2021). It is also possible that Filipino nurses prioritized vaccination to protect their families, as many Filipino families live in multigenerational homes (F.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nurses of color have already been disproportionately affected by COVID-19. For example, Filipino nurses make up approximately 4% of the U.S. nursing workforce, but comprise 25% of COVID-related deaths among nurses (National Nurses United, 2021; Nazareno et al, 2021; Pogoy & Cutamora, 2021). There is limited research on the intersection of race/ethnicity and nursing in relation to COVID-19 vaccine uptake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Race/Ethnicity Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Nurses

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: There is evidence for relatively lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake among people of color in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between race/ethnicity and COVID-19 vaccine uptake among nurses. Methods: Nurses in Southern California ( N = 1183) completed a one-time, web-based survey to assess COVID-19 vaccine perceptions and uptake. Results: In all, 82.8% of respondents ( N = 979) received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose. Identifying as East Asian was associated with 14% higher odds of COVID-19 vaccine uptake relative to identifying as White (odds ratio [OR] = 1.14/95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.06, 1.24]); identifying as Filipino was associated with 14% higher odds of uptake (OR = 1.14/95% CI = [1.08, 1.20]); and identifying as Hispanic/Latinx was associated with 6% higher odds of uptake (OR = 1.06/95% CI = [1.00, 1.12]). Discussion: Although nurses and people of color have been identified as groups with low levels of COVID-19 vaccine uptake, this study found that nurses of color received the vaccine at higher levels than their White counterparts.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race/Ethnicity Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Nurses

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Asian immigration to the United States has historically been influenced by the demand for a constant labor supply, especially after the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act and establishment of work visas. This has patterned certain Asian immigrant subpopulations into working in frontline essential occupations with high COVID-19 exposure or inadequate protection ( 25 ). About one in five Asian American and Pacific Islander adults aged 55 years and older work in frontline service job, compared to only 15% of the total U.S. population ( 26 ).…”

Section: Structural Inequities Faced By Older Asian Americansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Filipinx make up 4% of the nursing workforce but comprised 31% of all COVID-19 nursing fatalities as of September 2020 ( 28 ). Many Filipinx healthcare workers were recruited to high-risk frontline positions through the establishment of U.S.-style medical schools in the Philippines during the U.S. occupation ( 25 ). Older age, high burden of comorbidities, and employment in frontline/essential industries have contributed to disproportionate COVID-19 infection and mortality in Filipinx American healthcare workers ( 27 ).…”

Section: Structural Inequities Faced By Older Asian Americansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We must reconsider the immigration pathways that are heavily linked to essential worker industries and ensure that immigrants have the appropriate occupational health and safety protections. Often times, older Asian immigrants have limited job options and have to work in low-wage, physically-demanding and high exposure industries ( 25 ). Relaxing the restrictions for the occupational industries immigrants on work visas can be employed and increasing job opportunities could better support immigrants ( 59 ).…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Impact of Structural Inequities on Older Asian Americans During COVID-19

Bacong

Kwon

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Structural racism manifests as an historical and continued invisibility of Asian Americans, whose experiences of disparities and diverse needs are omitted in research, data, and policy. During the pandemic, this invisibility intersects with rising anti-Asian violence and other persistent structural inequities that contribute to higher COVID-19 mortality in older Asian Americans compared to non-Hispanic whites. This perspective describes how structural inequities in social determinants of health—namely immigration, language and telehealth access, and economic conditions—lead to increased COVID-19 mortality and barriers to care among older Asian Americans. Specifically, we discuss how the historically racialized immigration system has patterned older Asian immigrant subpopulations into working in frontline essential occupations with high COVID-19 exposure. The threat of “public charge” rule has also prevented Asian immigrants from receiving eligible public assistance including COVID-19 testing and vaccination programs. We highlight the language diversity among older Asian Americans and how language access remains unaddressed in clinical and non-clinical services and creates barriers to routine and COVID-19 related care, particularly in geographic regions with small Asian American populations. We discuss the economic insecurity of older Asian immigrants and how co-residence in multigenerational homes has exposed them to greater risk of coronavirus transmission. Using an intersectionality-informed approach to address structural inequities, we recommend the disaggregation of racial/ethnic data, meaningful inclusion of older Asian Americans in research and policy, and equitable investment in community and multi-sectoral partnerships to improve health and wellbeing of older Asian Americans.

show abstract

US Health Care Relies on Filipinxs While Ignoring Their Health Needs

Oronce

Adia²,

Ponce

2021

JAMA Health Forum

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the US, Filipinxs are the third largest Asian subgroup and have represented a crucial part of the country's health care workforce since the mid-20th century. Although the 2.9 million Filipinxs in the US represent about 1% of the population, approximately 1 of 4 Filipinx working adults are frontline health care workers. 1 The COVID-19 pandemic has exacted a disproportionate toll on Filipinx communities in the US and on Filipinx health care workers, specifically. The absence of disaggregated race/ethnicity data for COVID-19 has masked how the pandemic has affected Filipinxs in the US.Policy makers and researchers must recognize that these disparities are not limited to COVID-19 but are a critical example of how data aggregation under a single Asian category has hidden the health needs of the Filipinx population. Missing in the Data, Missing in Policy DiscussionsAggregate race/ethnicity data for COVID-19 cases and deaths mask the disproportionate burden on Asian subgroups, including Filipinxs in the US, leaving these disparities unrecognized and unaddressed. Asians comprise nearly 6% of the US population but only about 3% of COVID-19 cases and 4% of its deaths, suggesting that Asian Americans are not disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Yet a different picture has emerged for Filipinxs in Hawaii, the only state which publicly reports disaggregated Asian data: Filipinx residents comprise 16% of the population but 22% of COVID-19 deaths. 2 Similar analyses are not possible nationally or in any other state. While some states may collect data on Filipinxs, these data are typically restricted and only available through public information requests. For example, Filipinxs comprise 42% of COVID-19 deaths among Asian adults (18-64 years) in California 3 despite making up just 20% of the state's nonelderly Asian adult population. 1 No other Asian subgroup accounted for more than 15% of deaths (Figure ). 3 Author affiliations and article information are listed at the end of this article.

show abstract

From imperialism to inpatient care: Work differences of Filipino and White registered nurses in the United States and implications for COVID‐19 through an intersectional lens

Cited by 33 publications

References 65 publications

Race/Ethnicity Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Nurses

Race/Ethnicity Differences in COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Nurses

The Impact of Structural Inequities on Older Asian Americans During COVID-19

US Health Care Relies on Filipinxs While Ignoring Their Health Needs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About