From Industrial City to Sustainable City. The Northern Suburbs of Paris Yesterday and Today

Abstract

<jats:p>Former industrial suburbs, which are now the object of economic and functional transformations almost everywhere in Europe, are suitable testing grounds for implementing a more sustainable urban development. The case of the northern suburbs of Paris, which we will look at here, shows that there is no lack of political will or regulatory tools for imagining and planning this sustainable city. However, the social problems that affect these suburbs are a definite impediment to its realization.</jats:p>

Efficiency in the Last Mile of Autonomous Ground Vehicles with Lockers: From Conventional to Renewable Energy Transport

“…Fleet electrification is the main short-term challenge for many leading LSPs based on the current technology maturity. As the penetration rate of any technology highly depends on associated costs, the increasing supply of affordable electric energy [53,54] and decreasing battery costs, the most expensive component of electric vehicles (EV) [55,56], became the main drivers of fuel transition. While many articles highlight the environmental advantages of electric transport compared to fossil fuel emissions, this paper is primarily interested in the economic performance and cost-related benefits evaluation of certain vehicles, hence in quantitative methodologies allowing for results in monetary units [57].…”