“…The rise of these new, independent trade unions has attracted increasing scholarly attention. Several studies examining at the successful organisation of low-paid migrant workers within independent unions in the UK have started to address a gap in the literature that has hitherto overlooked the grassroot worker initiatives outside of established trade unions (see Kirkpatrick, 2014; Moyer-Lee and Lopez, 2017; Shenker, 2019; Pero, 2020; Hardy, 2021; Gall, 2020; Cant and Woodcook, 2020; Pannini, 2021; Weghmann, 2022; Smith, 2022; Petrini and Wettergren, 2022). Understanding workers’ experiences in these new trade unions have global significance in terms of understanding the emerging phenomenon of organising outside of the traditional structures of established trade unions (Ness, 2014; Rizzo and Atzeni, 2020; Webster et al.…”