From lignin to nylon: Cascaded chemical and biochemical conversion using metabolically engineered Pseudomonas putida

Kohlstedt, Michael; Starck, Sören; Barton, Nadja; Stolzenberger, Jessica; Selzer, Mirjam; Mehlmann, Kerstin; Schneider, Roland; Pleißner, Daniel; Rinkel, Jan; Dickschat, Jeroen S.; Venus, Joachim; Duuren, J.B.J.H. van; Wittmann, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.ymben.2018.03.003

Cited by 237 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…At a titer of 62.5 g/L MA, the fermentation step in terms of environmental impact and variable costs was optimized for Scenarios C–F. This was the maximum concentration achieved in a laboratory‐scale bioreactor experiment with P. putida by Kohlstedt et al (2018) with catechol as the substrate. The same feeding strategy for glucose as C substrate applies for these simulations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To optimize the conditions in the combination of a rectification step further research is required. In addition, metabolic engineering of P. putida KT2440‐BN6 is necessary to convert phenol and cresols besides catechol into MA, as shown by Nikel et al (2014), Vardon et al (2015), Shingler and Moore (1994), Guzik, Hupert‐Kocurek, Sitnik, and Wojcieszyńska, (2013), Kalil, Asyigin, and Zaki (2002), and Kohlstedt et al (2018). The ability to metabolically convert guaiacol by P. putida needs to be defined, because it was described for Amycolatopsis sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phenol–formaldehyde resins produced from the organic phase with increased homogeneity are expected to have an appropriate reactivity and reduced viscosity (Vithanage et al, 2017). For adipic acid, which is produced from monomeric aromatics present in the aqueous phase, the presence of methylated adipic acid from o ‐, m ‐, and p ‐cresol must be elucidated (Kohlstedt et al, 2018). Cresols can be poorly separated having a boiling point of 191–203°C while phenol has a boiling point of 182°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kocurek, Sitnik, and Wojcieszyńska, (2013), Kalil, Asyigin, and Zaki (2002), and Kohlstedt et al (2018). The ability to metabolically convert guaiacol by P. putida needs to be defined, because it was described for Amycolatopsis sp.…”

Section: Prospectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limited life cycle and cost assessment for the bioconversion of lignin‐derived aromatics into adipic acid

Duuren

Wild

Starck

et al. 2020

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Lignin is an abundant and heterogeneous waste byproduct of the cellulosic industry, which has the potential of being transformed into valuable biochemicals via microbial fermentation. In this study, we applied a fast‐pyrolysis process using softwood lignin resulting in a two‐phase bio‐oil containing monomeric and oligomeric aromatics without syringol. We demonstrated that an additional hydrodeoxygenation step within the process leads to an enhanced thermochemical conversion of guaiacol into catechol and phenol. After steam bath distillation, Pseudomonas putida KT2440‐BN6 achieved a percent yield of cis, cis‐muconic acid of up to 95 mol% from catechol derived from the aqueous phase. We next established a downstream process for purifying cis, cis‐muconic acid (39.9 g/L) produced in a 42.5 L fermenter using glucose and benzoate as carbon substrates. On the basis of the obtained values for each unit operation of the empirical processes, we next performed a limited life cycle and cost analysis of an integrated biotechnological and chemical process for producing adipic acid and then compared it with the conventional petrochemical route. The simulated scenarios estimate that by attaining a mixture of catechol, phenol, cresol, and guaiacol (1:0.34:0.18:0, mol ratio), a titer of 62.5 (g/L) cis, cis‐muconic acid in the bioreactor, and a controlled cooling of pyrolysis gases to concentrate monomeric aromatics in the aqueous phase, the bio‐based route results in a reduction of CO2‐eq emission by 58% and energy demand by 23% with a contribution margin for the aqueous phase of up to 88.05 euro/ton. We conclude that the bio‐based production of adipic acid from softwood lignins brings environmental benefits over the petrochemical procedure and is cost‐effective at an industrial scale. Further research is essential to achieve the proposed cis, cis‐muconic acid yield from true lignin‐derived aromatics using whole‐cell biocatalysts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prospectmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limited life cycle and cost assessment for the bioconversion of lignin‐derived aromatics into adipic acid

Duuren

Wild

Starck

et al. 2020

Biotech & Bioengineering

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“…The toxicity of catechol greatly limits its application as feedstock for bioconversion. With hydrothermal depolymerization of softwood lignin to catechol, phenol, and cresols, this strain accumulated muconic acid of 13 g/L and the small amount of 3-methyl muconic acid 142. A powerful promoter, P cat , was screened from diverse synthetic promoters by coupling with catA gene (encoding catechol 1,2-dioxygenases), which achieved overexpression of native catA and catA2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotransformation of lignin: Mechanisms, applications and future work

Zheng

2019

Biotechnology Progress

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As one of the most abundant polymers in biosphere, lignin has attracted extensive attention as a kind of promising feedstock for biofuel and bio-based products. However, the utilization of lignin presents various challenges in that its complex composition and structure and high resistance to degradation. Lignin conversion through biological platform harnesses the catalytic power of microorganisms to decompose complex lignin molecules and obtain value-added products through biosynthesis.Given the heterogeneity of lignin, various microbial metabolic pathways are involved in lignin bioconversion processes, which has been characterized in extensive research work. With different types of lignin substrates (e.g., model compounds, technical lignin, and lignocellulosic biomass), several bacterial and fungal species have been proved to own lignin-degrading abilities and accumulate microbial products (e.g., lipid

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