From macroalgae to liquid fuel via waste-water remediation, hydrothermal upgrading, carbon dioxide hydrogenation and hydrotreating

Cole, Andrew J.; Dinburg, Yakov; Haynes, Brian S.; He, Yuan; Herskowitz, M.; Jazrawi, Christopher; Landau, Miron V.; Liang, Xiao; Magnusson, Marie; Maschmeyer, Thomas; Masters, Anthony F.; Meiri, Nora; Neveux, Nicolas; Nys, Rocky de; Paul, Nicholas A.; Rabaev, Moshe; Vidruk-Nehemya, Roxana; Yuen, Alexander K. L.

doi:10.1039/c6ee00414h

Cited by 63 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…HTL biocrude oil converted from high-protein feedstocks typically has a 3-7% nitrogen content, which is inappropriate for fuel application [8]. To date, denitrogenation of HTL biocrude oil has been investigated with hydrotreating [30,31], cracking [31,32], chemical extraction/separation from HTL biocrude oil [33,34], and super-critical fluid treatment [35][36][37]. However, the high nitrogen content of biocrude oil generated by HTL would result in fouling of conventional catalysts (e.g., zeolites) because of the high basicity caused by the nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds [15,34,38].…”

Section: Denitrogenationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on hydrothermal processing of sewage sludge

Chen

Haque

et al. 2020

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health

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The US annually produces 79 million dry tons of liquid organic waste including sewage sludge.Anaerobic digestion can only reduce the sludge volume by 50% in mass, leaving the other half as a growing waste management and hygienic problem. Hydrothermal Processing (HTP), a set of several chemical digestion processes, could be employed to convert sewage sludge into valuable products and minimize potential environmental pollution risks. Specifically, hydrothermal carbonization and hydrothermal liquefaction have been extensively studied to sustainably manage sludge. Two of the main reasons for this are the high upscaleability of HTP for public waste management and that it is estimated that HTP can recover eleven times more energy from waste products than landfilling. An integration of HTP with anaerobic digestion or recycling the soluble organics (in the HTP aqueous products) into the HTP process could lead to a higher overall rate of energy recovery for municipal sewage sludge.

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Section: Denitrogenationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on hydrothermal processing of sewage sludge

Chen

Haque

et al. 2020

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health

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“…So far, the biocrude is thought to be a promising substitution of fossil fuel due to its high overall heating values and renewable characteristics. However, the excessive acidity value, oxygen, and nitrogen content compared with fossil fuel limit its further utilization . Thus, the research concerning process optimization and biocrude upgrading is currently in urgent need.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis : Focusing on aqueous phase characterization

Zhang

Chen

2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae under alkaline and acidic conditions has been widely investigated. However, limited data are available on the mechanism of aqueous phase formation during liquefaction. In the present work, we conducted a detailed characterization of the aqueous phase from hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis using acetic acid and potassium hydroxide as the catalyst. GC‐MS analysis revealed that a large proportion of nitrogen‐based heteroatom compounds and few oxygen‐based heterocycle compounds were presented in all the aqueous phase. All the aqueous phase displayed alkalescence and a high level of total organic carbon. Whereas, the addition of potassium hydroxide reduced the total organic carbon and the average molecular weight of the aqueous phase. The conventional liquefaction converted the Spirulina platensis to plenty of water‐soluble amides, while these compounds were apt to form acids under both the alkaline and acidic catalysts. Based on the analyses, the general reaction frameworks for the catalytic liquefaction were also proposed.

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“…The Fig. 2 Overview of each step in the conversion of Oedogonium into high-quality fuel [77] nitrogen content decreased as the amount of catalyst increased. In another paper by the same authors [80], upgraded biocrude with the lowest nitrogen content of 1.50% was achieved at 530°C for 360 min with a 10% Pt/ C catalyst.…”

Section: Upgrading Algae Biocrudementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Cole et al [77] systematically investigated the hydrothermal upgrading of Oedogonium. The results of this study represents a major breakthrough in the field of algal biocrude, with its emphasis on reducing the nitrogen content of the algal biomass and at each step of the production process, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Upgrading Algae Biocrudementioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Denitrogenation of Algae Biocrude Produced by Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Sun

Yang

Shi³

2017

Trans. Tianjin Univ.

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Recently, algae biocrude has drawn considerable attention as algae are considered to be one of the major fuel feedstocks of the future. Based on some impressive results achieved under appropriate conditions, the algae hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process has proven to be energy efficient. However, the HTL of biocrude is characterized by a high nitrogen content, which prevents its use in the field of transportation due to the associated nitrogen oxide emissions. Despite this toxicity, few research efforts have focused on the denitrogenation of algae biocrude. In this study, we review the effect of different strain-specific operation parameters and process upgrades with respect to the nitrogen content of biocrude. To achieve denitrogenation, chemical engineering may be required, although some improvements in biocrude properties have been achieved in a number of process upgrades. The use of similar successful pathways has the potential to improve the field of HTL biocrude denitrogenation. These methods, including the adsorptive and extractive denitrogenations of fossil fuels and the hydrodenitrogenation of the main nitrogen compounds, are helpful for developing a better understanding of the potential of denitrogenation for algae HTL biocrude. We also recommend the use of some available catalysts and corresponding operation parameters to promote continued research on denitrogenation.

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From macroalgae to liquid fuel via waste-water remediation, hydrothermal upgrading, carbon dioxide hydrogenation and hydrotreating

Cited by 63 publications

References 52 publications

A perspective on hydrothermal processing of sewage sludge

A perspective on hydrothermal processing of sewage sludge

Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina platensis : Focusing on aqueous phase characterization

Review of Denitrogenation of Algae Biocrude Produced by Hydrothermal Liquefaction

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