From mg/kg to pg/kg Levels: A Story of Trace Element Determination: A Review

Possibilities and Limitations of ICP-Spectrometric Determination of the Total Content of Tin, Its Inorganic and Organic Speciations in Waters with Different Salinity Levels—Part 1: Determination of the Total Tin Content

“…The hydride generation of tin prior to ICP-spectrometric determination can reduce the limits of analyte quantification compared to direct analysis by increasing the efficiency of a sample introduction into argon plasma and by minimizing the matrix effect [ 26 ]. However, the correct determination of tin in waters with different salinities using the hydride generation technique is possible only after optimizing the conditions of sample pretreatment considering the tin inorganic and organic forms in the analyzed solution.…”

Elemental analysis of liquid samples by nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: using ordered nano-arrays with a tunable nanoparticle size and inter-particle distance

“…7 Compared with other traditional elemental analytical methods, such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), LIBS presents signicant advantages in terms of speed of analysis and not requiring complex sample pretreatment. 8 To enhance the sensitivity of LIBS, researchers have proposed various strategies, including double-pulse LIBS, 9 spark-discharge LIBS, 10 LIF-LIBS, 11 spatial or magnetic connement 12,13 and NELIBS. [14][15][16][17] In these approaches, NELIBS can greatly enhance signal intensity with simple sample preparation, making it a promising analytical method.…”

Separation and Preconcentration of Nickel(II) from Drinking, Spring, and Lake Water Samples with Amberlite CG-120 Resin and Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

“…As the detection limits recorded for most elements using FAAS are in the upper parts of per billion level, the sensitivity is not high enough to determine metals at trace levels. [15][16][17] However, its sensitivity can be increased using either simply modified systems or some preconcentration procedures, 15 such as cloud point extraction (CPE), 18 dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), 19 solid-liquid-solid dispersive extraction, ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (SLSDE-ILDLLME) 20 and solid phase extraction (SPE). 21 Recently, SPE has been widely used for the preconcentration and separation of elements owing to such as advantages a high enrichment factor, rapid separation and low cost.…”