From neurons to brain networks, pharmacodynamics of stimulant medication for ADHD

Parlatini, Valeria; Bellato, Alessio; Murphy, Declan; Cortese, Samuele

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105841

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105841

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From neurons to brain networks, pharmacodynamics of stimulant medication for ADHD

Valeria Parlatini,

Alessio Bellato,

Declan Murphy

et al.

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The dopamine hypothesis for ADHD: An evaluation of evidence accumulated from human studies and animal models

MacDonald,

Kleppe,

Szigetvari

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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Multiple lines of evidence indicate that altered dopamine signaling may be involved in neuropsychiatric disorders and common behavioral traits. Here we critically review evidence collected during the past 40-plus years supporting the role of dopamine dysfunction in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We recapitulate the basic components of dopaminergic signaling in the central nervous system, focusing on core enzymes, transporters and receptors involved in monoaminergic functions, particularly in striatal and cortical regions. We summarize key human brain imaging and genetic studies reporting associations between dopaminergic neurotransmission and behavioral traits, with an emphasis on ADHD. We also consider ADHD in the context of animal models and single gene, metabolic, and neurological disorders with established dysfunction of the dopaminergic system. Examining the evidence in this way leads us to conclude that there is evidence for the involvement of dopamine but limited evidence for a hypo-dopaminergic state per se as a key component of ADHD. We propose a path forward to increase our understanding of dopamine signaling in human behavioral traits and disorders that should particularly focus on its role in clinical subgroups, during brain development and how it interacts with other neurotransmitter systems.

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The dopamine hypothesis for ADHD: An evaluation of evidence accumulated from human studies and animal models

MacDonald,

Kleppe,

Szigetvari

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

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From neurons to brain networks, pharmacodynamics of stimulant medication for ADHD

Cited by 1 publication

References 212 publications

The dopamine hypothesis for ADHD: An evaluation of evidence accumulated from human studies and animal models

The dopamine hypothesis for ADHD: An evaluation of evidence accumulated from human studies and animal models

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