From Obesity to Diabetes: The Role of the Adipose Organ

Colleluori, Georgia; Perugini, Jessica; Giordano, Antonio; Cinti, Saverio

doi:10.1007/164_2021_572

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Obesity is associated with over 200 health complications, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, and it is the fifth largest cause of mortality globally [ 53 ]. Previous reports have shown that blood glucose levels were significantly elevated in rats fed an HFD compared with a normal healthy group [ 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Anti-Obesity Effect of Zeaxanthin and Exercise in HFD-Induced Obese Rats

et al. 2022

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Obesity is a worldwide epidemic associated with many health problems. One of the new trends in health care is the emphasis on regular exercise and a healthy diet. Zeaxanthin (Zea) is a carotenoid with many beneficial effects on human health. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combination of Zea and exercise had therapeutic effects on obesity induced by an HFD in rats. Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of twelve: rats fed a standard diet; rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD); rats fed an HFD with Zea; rats fed an HFD with Exc; and rats fed an HFD with both Zea and Exc. To induce obesity, rats were fed an HFD for twelve weeks. Then, Zea and exercise were introduced with the HFD for five weeks. The results showed that the HFD significantly increased visceral adipose tissue, oxidative stress, and inflammation biomarkers and reduced insulin, high-density lipoprotein, and antioxidant parameters. Treatments with Zea, Exc, and Zea plus Exc reduced body weight gain, triacylglycerol, glucose, total cholesterol, and nitric oxide levels and significantly increased catalase and insulin compared with the HFD group. This study demonstrated that Zea administration and Exc performance appeared to effectively alleviate the metabolic alterations induced by an HFD. Furthermore, Zea and Exc together had a better effect than either intervention alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Anti-Obesity Effect of Zeaxanthin and Exercise in HFD-Induced Obese Rats

et al. 2022

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“…Historically, AT has been considered as an inert connective tissue with only cushioning and thermal insulation functions, but in recent years it has acquired the status of an endocrine organ because of its important effects on the regulation of metabolism through the secretion of hormones (such as leptin and adiponectin) and cytokines (also called “adipokines”) [ 10 ].…”

Section: White and Brown Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and White Adipose Tissue Mitochondria in Obesity

et al. 2023

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Adipose tissue (AT) dysregulation is a key process in the pathophysiology of obesity and its cardiometabolic complications, but even if a growing body of evidence has been collected over recent decades, the underlying molecular basis of adiposopathy remains to be fully understood. In this context, mitochondria, the intracellular organelles that orchestrate energy production and undergo highly dynamic adaptive changes in response to changing environments, have emerged as crucial regulators of both white (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism and function. Given that the gut microbiota and its metabolites are able to regulate host metabolism, adipogenesis, WAT inflammation, and thermogenesis, we hypothesize that their frequently observed dysregulation in obesity could affect AT metabolism by exerting direct and indirect effects on AT mitochondria. By collecting and revising the current evidence on the connections between gut microbiota and AT mitochondria in obesity, we gained insights into the molecular biology of their hitherto largely unexplored crosstalk, tracing how gut microbiota may regulate AT mitochondrial function.

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“…Aging and obesity are associated with increased dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension all of which strongly contribute to an individual's cardiometabolic risk [8,21]. Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be effectively counteracted through lifestyle intervention – both calorie restriction-induced weight loss and exercise have been proven to ameliorate glucose control and are considered the first line of intervention to treat prediabetes and T2D [21,22].…”

Section: Cardiometabolic Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings are in line with the recent report from the LITOE that 10% calorie restriction-induced weight loss in combination with aerobic and resistance exercise reduced ectopic fat deposition (visceral and intermuscular fat), findings that correlated with improvement in cardiometabolic profile (i.e., insulin sensitivity index) [16 & ]. Visceral and ectopic fat deposition are in fact associated with low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance in humans and animal models [8].…”

Section: Cardiometabolic Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Weight strategy in older adults with obesity: calorie restriction or not?

Colleluori

Villareal

2022

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of reviewAlong with the marked increase in the population of older adults with obesity is the need for effective strategies to treat aging-and obesity-related complications. This review highlights recent progress in obesity management in older adults. Recent findingsAlthough calorie restriction is needed to significantly reduce fat mass, an exercise protocol is crucial to ameliorate functional outcomes. The addition of a resistance exercise protocol improves the response of muscle protein synthesis to anabolic stimuli, preventing the calorie restriction-induced reduction in muscle and bone mass. The addition of an aerobic exercise protocol improves cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function. However, the addition of both aerobic and resistance exercise protocols to calorie restriction provides the greatest improvements in myocellular quality, frailty, and cardiometabolic and cognitive outcomes, translating into the greatest improvement in quality of life. Such comprehensive lifestyle intervention effectively improves glucometabolic control and age-relevant outcomes in older adults with diabetes. When combined with testosterone therapy, such lifestyle intervention also preserves muscle and bone mass in older, men with obesity and hypogonadism.

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From Obesity to Diabetes: The Role of the Adipose Organ

Cited by 18 publications

References 111 publications

Evaluation of the Anti-Obesity Effect of Zeaxanthin and Exercise in HFD-Induced Obese Rats

Evaluation of the Anti-Obesity Effect of Zeaxanthin and Exercise in HFD-Induced Obese Rats

The Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and White Adipose Tissue Mitochondria in Obesity

Weight strategy in older adults with obesity: calorie restriction or not?

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