From Padmasambhava to Gö Tsangpa: Rethinking Religious Patronage in the Indian Himalayas between the 8th and 13th Centuries

Widorn, Verena

doi:10.1163/9789004417731_008

Cited by 3 publications

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“…We report that Bhutanese maize landraces are genetically distinct from accessions in the neighboring Nepal and India (Figure 1a,b), suggesting the presence of unique alleles possibly driven by ecological adaptation (Schluter & Conte, 2009) and/or unique traditional practices. The introduction of maize alongside other commodities into the Bhutan region may have been facilitated by Buddhist missionaries who traveled across the Himalayas from the 8th century onwards (Meinert & Sørensen, 2020; Thapa, 1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic, climatic, and cultural diversity of maize landraces from the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan

Tamang,

Macharia,

Caproni

et al. 2024

Plants People Planet

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Societal Impact StatementBhutan is an ancient kingdom in the Himalayan range and one of the most rugged, geodiverse, and mountainous agricultural countries in the world. Historically secluded and geographically isolated, Bhutan is a hotspot for Himalayan agrobiodiversity where small‐scale agriculture supports the livelihoods of a large share of the resident population. Here, Bhutanese maize agrobiodiversity is explored to unlock its adaptation potential using genomics and participatory variety selection in combination with climate research. We show that Bhutanese traditional farmers maintain a wealth of diversity that may support the sustainable intensification of maize cropping in the Himalayas and beyond.Summary Bhutan, an ancient kingdom enshrouded in the Himalayas, hosts largely untapped agrobiodiversity that may harness genetic variation useful for adaptation to local climates and user needs. Here, we genotyped‐by‐sequencing 351 pooled samples of local maize (Zea mays L.) landraces, the entire collection of the Bhutan National Gene Bank, comparing their genomic diversity with maize from other countries in the Himalayan range. We reconstructed the adaptation of Bhutanese maize to historical and projected climates, identifying areas of future maladaptation. We then run a common garden experiment involving local smallholder farmers in a participatory evaluation of landraces' performance, aiming at the identification of quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) contributing to adaptation, performance, and farmers' choice. We found that Bhutanese maize agrobiodiversity is unique in the Himalayan range, and a locus on Chromosome 5 supports the differentiation of three distinct genetic clusters. We found that a portion of current genomic diversity can be associated with the Bhutanese landscape and that maize cultivation in the southwest of the country may be negatively impacted by projected climates. We also found that Bhutanese maize agrobiodiversity is large and may contribute to adaptation and improvement. A genome‐wide association study identified 117 QTNs for climatic adaptation, agronomic performance, and farmers' preferences. Our results show that Bhutanese maize landraces are a unique source of genetic agrobiodiversity for local adaptation. We found that the integration of genomics, climate science, and participatory methods can speed up the identification of genetic factors contributing to the sustainable intensification of maize cultivation in the Himalayas and beyond.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic, climatic, and cultural diversity of maize landraces from the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan

Tamang,

Macharia,

Caproni

et al. 2024

Plants People Planet

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Dharma and Chakravarti for Liberty: Decentering Hegemony via Buddhist Political Philosophy

Morgan

2024

Palgrave Studies in Classical Liberalism

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Role of Socio-spiritual Reformers in the Social Well-Being of Contemporary India

Sahni,

Singh,

Chopra

2023

Religious and Spiritual Practices in India

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From Padmasambhava to Gö Tsangpa: Rethinking Religious Patronage in the Indian Himalayas between the 8th and 13th Centuries

Abstract: This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Genomic, climatic, and cultural diversity of maize landraces from the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan

Genomic, climatic, and cultural diversity of maize landraces from the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan

Dharma and Chakravarti for Liberty: Decentering Hegemony via Buddhist Political Philosophy

Role of Socio-spiritual Reformers in the Social Well-Being of Contemporary India

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