From peaceful marches to violent clashes: a micro-situational analysis

Nassauer, Anne

doi:10.1080/14742837.2016.1150161

Cited by 52 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…I approached these qualitative sources in a grounded way (Strauss, 1987, Strauss andCorbin, 1990), coding each of the videos and testimonies for the different interactions (who did what to whom) and emotional dynamics they depict. When the quality of the recording was high enough those dynamics can be read directly from people's facial expressions, if not sounds provided a guide to emotions, and, as a last resort, emotions were sometimes inferred from behaviours and body language (Klusemann, 2009;Nassauer, 2016). This grounded approach revealed four recurrent patterns of interaction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there is a rich and varied history of sociological research into riots and crowd violence (see Bagguley andHussain 2008, Borch 2012 and Clover 2016 for summaries), the most distinctive recent contribution has been the interactionist approach. Building on work by Collins (2008), researchers have turned their attention to the emotional dynamics which emerge out of interactions between perpetrators, victims, and law enforcement (Ketchley, 2014;Weenink, 2014;Nassauer, 2016;Gross, 2016). This turn towards the actual interactions, behaviours, and situations which make up a riot echoes an earlier call made by McPhail to focus on the processes within a riot and not to treat it only as an outcome to be explained by prior circumstances (1994).…”

Section: The Importance Of Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A mixture of methods may in fact be required to uncover the actual processes and mechanisms which underlie confrontational situations (McAdam, Tilly and Tarrow, 2008). But, whichever methods are used, micro-sociological research can be easily fitted into the pragmatist research cycle (Reichertz, 2013) of abduction of theories, deduction of hypotheses and inductive testing (recent examples of these various stages include Collins, 2012;Stevens et al, 2013;Weenink, 2014;Orsini, 2015;Nassauer, 2015Nassauer, , 2016Gross, 2016).…”

Section: The Importance Of Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reclaiming the everyday: the situational dynamics of the 2011 London Riots

Tiratelli

2017

Social Movement Studies

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This paper examines the situational dynamics of the 2011 London Riots. The empirical contribution is to challenge the dominant explanation of the riots as an outbreak of 'criminal opportunism'. I use the Metropolitan Police record of all riotrelated crimes in London to test several hypotheses and show that this 'criminal opportunism' theory cannot account for the riots' spatial patterning. This opens space for alternative explanatory mechanisms. I then use video footage and testimonies of events on the ground to examine the interactions which made up the London Riots. These suggest that the riots were, in part, a way for people to stake a claim to the public spaces in which they lived, to reclaim the everyday. Theoretically this builds on Randall Collins's 'micro-situational' approach to violence (2008) but extends it by embedding historical and structural factors into that micro perspective. Specifically, the emotional dynamics of these riot interactions cannot be understood without acknowledging participants' pre-existing expectations of the police and of the everyday places of the riot.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Importance Of Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Importance Of Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reclaiming the everyday: the situational dynamics of the 2011 London Riots

Tiratelli

2017

Social Movement Studies

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“…We know this applies to all contributors to this special issue, who are autodidacts in video-based research. Although some authors had some prior experience in using video materials ( Lindegaard et al 2016 , 2017 ; Moeller 2016 ; Nassauer 2015 , 2016 ; Piza and Sytsma 2016 ), they did not have formal training in using CCTV footage.…”

Section: Lessons Learnedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons Learned from Crime Caught on Camera

Lindegaard

Bernasco

2018

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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Objectives:The widespread use of camera surveillance in public places offers criminologists the opportunity to systematically and unobtrusively observe crime, their main subject matter. The purpose of this essay is to inform the reader of current developments in research on crimes caught on camera.Methods:We address the importance of direct observation of behavior and review criminological studies that used observational methods, with and without cameras, including the ones published in this issue. We also discuss the uses of camera recordings in other social sciences and in biology.Results:We formulate six key insights that emerge from the literature and make recommendations for future research.Conclusions:Camera recordings of real-life crime are likely to become part of the criminological tool kit that will help us better understand the situational and interactional elements of crime. Like any source, it has limitations that are best addressed by triangulation with other sources.

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“…However, studies center chiefly on police perspectives and strategies. In addition, the growing fields of visual communication and visual criminology highlight that studies can profit from a greater focus on visual data, including YouTube material (Adami, 2009;Greek, 2009;Greer, 2009;Hayward, 2009;Hayward and Presdee, 2010) [1].…”

Section: Prior Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective crowd policing: empirical insights on avoiding protest violence

Nassauer

2015

Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies &Amp; Management

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to connect sociology, criminology, and social psychology to identify specific factors that keep protests peaceful, discusses empirical examples of effective peacekeeping, and develops practical peacekeeping guidelines. Design/methodology/approach -The analysis systematically compared 30 peaceful and violent protests in the USA and Germany to identify peaceful interaction routines and how they are disrupted. It employed a triangulation of visual and document data on each demonstration, analyzing over 1,000 documents in total. The paper relies on qualitative analysis based on the principles of process tracing. Findings -Results show that specific interaction sequences and emotional dynamics can break peaceful interaction routines and trigger violence. Single interactions do not break these routines, but certain combinations do. Police forces and protesters need to avoid these interaction dynamics to keep protests peaceful. Communication between both sides and good police management are especially important.Research limitations/implications -The paper highlights the need to examine the role of situational interactions and emotional dynamics for the emergence and avoidance of protest violence more closely. Practical implications -Findings have implications for police practice and training and for officers' and protesters' safety. Originality/value -Employing recent data and an interdisciplinary approach, the study systematically analyzes peacekeeping in protests, developing guidelines for protest organizers and police.Even demonstrations for peace can result in violence between protesters and police. Such violence has occupied media, the public, and various research fields for decades. Sociology, criminology, and social psychology have usually focussed on factors leading to violence. Scholars rarely ask what keeps protests peaceful to develop specific policy-oriented policing measures. Police studies call for applied research that contributes to improved policing and for research going beyond setting the organizational context as the main determinant of policing (Brodeur, 2005, p. 51 ff).This paper comparatively analyzes peaceful and violent demonstrations to determine empirically how and why demonstrations stay peaceful. Violence is defined here as a physical action with the intention of causing injury or death to another person. The paper asks three questions: Which factors ensure a peaceful protest? What do empirical cases look like in which peacekeeping is effective despite difficult circumstances? Which practical guidelines and measures can be derived from these cases to prevent protest violence?

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From peaceful marches to violent clashes: a micro-situational analysis

Cited by 52 publications

References 29 publications

Reclaiming the everyday: the situational dynamics of the 2011 London Riots

Reclaiming the everyday: the situational dynamics of the 2011 London Riots

Lessons Learned from Crime Caught on Camera

Effective crowd policing: empirical insights on avoiding protest violence

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