From Phonemes to Articulatory Codes: An fMRI Study of the Role of Broca's Area in Speech Production

Papoutsi, Marina; Zwart, Jacco A. de; Jansma, J.; Pickering, Martin J.; Bednar, James A.; Horwitz, Barry

doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn239

Cited by 157 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Whereas it was traditionally associated with speech production (54,55), more recent work has identified finer parcellations in this region (40,56) that associate it with functions including language comprehension. In terms of the role of this area in speech production, left BA 44-45 has been shown to be involved in the articulatory loop and to increase its response amplitude as a function inner speech rate (57), verbal fluency (58), and generation of pseudowords relative to familiar words (59). In agreement with these studies the left IFG, including BA44 and BA45, exhibits highly reliable activation patterns during speech production in all three speakers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Coupled neural systems underlie the production and comprehension of naturalistic narrative speech

Silbert

Honey

Simony

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

328

246

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Neuroimaging studies of language have typically focused on either production or comprehension of single speech utterances such as syllables, words, or sentences. In this study we used a new approach to functional MRI acquisition and analysis to characterize the neural responses during production and comprehension of complex real-life speech. First, using a time-warp based intrasubject correlation method, we identified all areas that are reliably activated in the brains of speakers telling a 15-min-long narrative. Next, we identified areas that are reliably activated in the brains of listeners as they comprehended that same narrative. This allowed us to identify networks of brain regions specific to production and comprehension, as well as those that are shared between the two processes. The results indicate that production of a real-life narrative is not localized to the left hemisphere but recruits an extensive bilateral network, which overlaps extensively with the comprehension system. Moreover, by directly comparing the neural activity time courses during production and comprehension of the same narrative we were able to identify not only the spatial overlap of activity but also areas in which the neural activity is coupled across the speaker's and listener's brains during production and comprehension of the same narrative. We demonstrate widespread bilateral coupling between production-and comprehension-related processing within both linguistic and nonlinguistic areas, exposing the surprising extent of shared processes across the two systems.speech production | speech comprehension | intersubject correlation | brain-to-brain coupling S uccessful verbal communication requires the finely orchestrated interaction between production-based processes in the speaker's brain and comprehension-based processes in the listener's brain. The extent of brain areas involved in the production of real-world speech in a speaker's brain during naturalistic communication is largely unknown. As a result, the degree of overlap between the production and comprehension systems, and the ways in which they interact, remain controversial. This study pursues three aims: (i) to map all areas (including but not limited to sensory, motoric, linguistic, and extralinguistic) that are reliably activated during the production of complex, real-world narrative; (ii) to map the overlap between areas that respond reliably during the production and the comprehension of real-world narrative; and (iii) to assess the coupling between activity in the speaker's brain during naturalistic production and activity in the listener's brain during comprehension of the same narrative. We discuss each challenge in turn.The functional-anatomic architecture underlying the production of speech in an ecological context is incompletely characterized. Studies investigating production-based brain activity have been mainly restricted to the production of single phonemes (1-5), words (6-8), or short phrases in decontextualized, isolated environments (9-13) (see refs. 14...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Coupled neural systems underlie the production and comprehension of naturalistic narrative speech

Silbert

Honey

Simony

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

328

246

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“…32 This region is particularly associated with lexical selection, 32 phonologic processing, 33 and phonetic encoding. 34 The anomaly of the left PO in PDS further supports the view that this region plays a vital role during speech production.…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 56%

Neural anomaly and reorganization in speakers who stutter

Chen

Peng

et al. 2012

Neurology

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Objectives:The aim of the current study was to differentiate between neural activity that represents neural anomalies that are responsible for persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) from the activity that is a result of compensating for stuttering. This was done by investigating alterations to the intrinsic functional architecture of speech-language processes of patients with PDS before and after a short-term intervention. Methods:The resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) and cortical thickness were examined before and after the intervention. The structural data were used to validate the functional results. Fifteen stuttering patients who received intervention (PDSϩ), 13 stuttering patients who did not receive intervention (PDSϪ), and 13 fluent controls participated.Results: Before the intervention, both groups of PDS patients showed significant RSFC and cortical thickness reductions in the left pars-opercularis (PO) and RSFC increases in the cerebellum, as compared to fluent controls. The intervention was effective in reducing stuttering in PDSϩ patients and lowering their RSFC in the cerebellum to the level of fluent controls. The intervention effect was specific to the PDSϩ group (it was not evident in the PDSϪ group). The intervention did not change RSFC and cortical thickness in the left PO, which remained at its preintervention level. Conclusions:The results suggest that the left PO is a locus where the intrinsic functional architecture of speech-language processes is altered in PDS patients, suggesting an etiologic role of this region in PDS. The cerebellum showed intervention-induced neural reorganization, suggesting a compensatory response when stuttering occurs. Neurology ® 2012;79:625-632 GLOSSARY AFNI ϭ Analysis of Functional NeuroImages; BA ϭ Brodmann area; EPI ϭ echoplanar image; IC ϭ independent component; ICA ϭ independent component analysis; IFC ϭ inferior frontal cortex; MFG ϭ middle frontal gyrus; OASES ϭ Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering; PDS ϭ persistent developmental stuttering; PDS؊ ϭ stuttering patients who did not receive intervention; PDS؉ ϭ stuttering patients who received intervention; PO ϭ pars-opercularis; ROI ϭ region of interest; RSFC ϭ resting-state functional connectivity; SMA ϭ supplementary motor area; SSI-3 ϭ Stuttering Severity Instrument version III; TE ϭ echo time; TR ϭ repetition time.

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“…Lesion data as well as functional imaging results have suggested a role for pars opercularis (the posterior-most region of Broca's area) in sublexical phonetic processing during speech production (Carreiras et al, 2006;Riecker et al, 2008;Papoutsi et al, 2009). The pars opercularis was the significant region of Broca's area in the present study as well.…”

Section: Possible Roles Of Broca's Area In Speech Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Categorical Speech Processing in Broca's Area: An fMRI Study Using Multivariate Pattern-Based Analysis

Lee¹,

Turkeltaub²,

Granger³

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

119

121

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Although much effort has been directed toward understanding the neural basis of speech processing, the neural processes involved in the categorical perception of speech have been relatively less studied, and many questions remain open. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we probed the cortical regions mediating categorical speech perception using an advanced brain-mapping technique, whole-brain multivariate pattern-based analysis (MVPA). Normal healthy human subjects (native English speakers) were scanned while they listened to 10 consonant-vowel syllables along the /ba/-/da/ continuum. Outside of the scanner, individuals' own category boundaries were measured to divide the fMRI data into /ba/ and /da/ conditions per subject. The whole-brain MVPA revealed that Broca's area and the left pre-supplementary motor area evoked distinct neural activity patterns between the two perceptual categories (/ba/ vs /da/). Broca's area was also found when the same analysis was applied to another dataset (Raizada and Poldrack, 2007), which previously yielded the supramarginal gyrus using a univariate adaptation-fMRI paradigm. The consistent MVPA findings from two independent datasets strongly indicate that Broca's area participates in categorical speech perception, with a possible role of translating speech signals into articulatory codes. The difference in results between univariate and multivariate pattern-based analyses of the same data suggest that processes in different cortical areas along the dorsal speech perception stream are distributed on different spatial scales.

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From Phonemes to Articulatory Codes: An fMRI Study of the Role of Broca's Area in Speech Production

Cited by 157 publications

References 58 publications

Coupled neural systems underlie the production and comprehension of naturalistic narrative speech

Coupled neural systems underlie the production and comprehension of naturalistic narrative speech

Neural anomaly and reorganization in speakers who stutter

Categorical Speech Processing in Broca's Area: An fMRI Study Using Multivariate Pattern-Based Analysis

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