From pioneer to promotion: How can residential waste diversion non-profit organizations (NPOs) best co-evolve in modern China?

Ma, Zongliang; Li, Changjun; Xue, Yunshu; Nduneseokwu, Chibuike K.; Xiao, Wang; Harder, Marie K.

doi:10.1016/j.envc.2021.100055

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We extracted information on ongoing waste policy implementation from our own studies in Shanghai since 2011 [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] and from current ongoing studies, to determine which, if any, recent implementation activities affiliated with the July 2019 policy were different to previous ones. These data held by our own research team includes observations in more than 100 communities, semi-structured interviews of key informants from a wide range of stakeholders, including government authorities at municipal, district, and ward level, Chinese not-for-profit groups, local residents, community committee members, resident associations, and estates management companies.…”

Section: Implementation Activities-just Before and After July 2019?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some communities had experienced mismatched programs, such as information-based ones [19], which sometimes did not actually provide appropriate bins for sorting. Others had intensive involvement of volunteers [20][21][22], and increasingly, local Chinese not-for-profit organizations offered localized advice [24] and improvements in the use of door-stepping [18], but these might then stop abruptly, and many experienced more than one pilot program and changes to their recycling systems. However, after the July 2019 law, all communities were consistently prepared and ready; any bins still inside residential buildings in the city were removed, and residents now had to walk to the waste stations situated in their communities-normally within 400 m, which was known not to diminish recycling performance [23].…”

Section: Implementation Activities Observed In the Field Before And After This Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any values that our research team were able to elicit from government officials or community workers were always found to be rough estimates made by eye: if there were formal measures, we were not able to find them. Our own series of research studies [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] showed that in most cases the contamination levels were so bad that the Energies 2021, 14, 7658 8 of 13 so-called 'sorted' food waste streams were indistinguishable from the 'unsorted' stream, labelled 'residual' [17]. Only communities with high levels of interest from the residents, who for example saw themselves as an 'eco-community', or those with a deep impact from local volunteers or Chinese NFPs, appeared to produce sorted food waste with low contamination [20].…”

Section: Changes In Contamination Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impacts of Shanghai’s July 2019 Municipal Domestic Waste Management Regulations on Energy Production

Firoozmand

Harder

2021

Energies

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Cities all over the world are trying to divert municipal waste away from landfill and fossil fuel-assisted incineration and toward circular economies where waste is converted into new resources. Residential food waste is the most challenging sub-stream, as it is the worst culprit in producing greenhouse gases in landfill and incineration, and it is almost impossible to have residents separate it cleanly at source. Here we investigate the outstanding diversion results of Shanghai Municipality since the introduction of the July 2019 Municipal Regulations, of over 9600 tons per day of clean food waste, still maintained two years later. In particular, we question why they might have increased so sharply after July 2019 and examine historic policies to determine broad policy intentions, their implementations, and officially reported tonnages of different resulting waste streams. It was found that many prior steps included infrastructure building and piloting different behavioral approaches. However, the July 2019 policy brought in legal responsibilities to very clearly defined roles for each stakeholder—including for the residents to sort and for local governances to support them—and this pulled all the operational elements together. The immediate and sustained jumps in clean food waste collection fed biogas production (0.1–1.0 GWh/day) and energy-from-waste (less wet) (5.4–8.6 GWh/day).

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Section: Implementation Activities-just Before and After July 2019?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implementation Activities Observed In the Field Before And After This Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Changes In Contamination Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impacts of Shanghai’s July 2019 Municipal Domestic Waste Management Regulations on Energy Production

Firoozmand

Harder

2021

Energies

Self Cite

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“…The macro‐environment and situation analysis model, also known as the strengths, weaknesses, opportunity, and threats‐political, economical, social and technological (SWOT‐PEST) model, was adopted to study development strategies and long‐term planning [9]. The SWOT analysis includes studies of four aspects [10]: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, whereas the PEST analyses policy, economy, society and technology [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study on distributed generation trading mechanisms in the UK and China

Yao

Gao

et al. 2022

Energy Conversion and Econom

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The market penetration of distributed generation (DG), particularly for that from renewables, has significantly increased in recent years. This trend will continue with the low-carbon transition of electric power systems, as a part of global efforts to combat climate change. Appropriate trading mechanisms are of great importance for incentivizing the investment in and coordinated operation of DG. The UK and China both have ambitious decarbonization agendas with particular emphasis on the electricity market design. Nevertheless, the UK and China have distinguishing features in electricity market design, particularly in the trading mechanisms for DG. This paper presents a thorough review of DG trading policies and arrangements in both countries, including market structures, connection classifications, economic benefits and practical issues. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunity, and threats-political, economical, social and technological (SWOT-PEST) model features of the mechanisms in both countries were qualitatively identified and compared. A quantitative comparison was conducted between the trading arrangements in the UK and China, with the economic benefits analysed and the implications revealed. Finally, the directions for developing and improving DG trading mechanisms were suggested based on the comparative analysis. The practical experiences of the UK and China can be extended to other countries across the globe.

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“…In the past 20 years, state-owned waste disposal institutions (SOs) were mainly responsible for waste disposal in China. The simplification of the mode of waste disposal resulted in increasingly serious environmental problems [13]. In recent years, the government has encouraged the interventions by the third-party waste disposal institutions (3Ps) through subsidies [14], but this has not yielded a significant improvement in waste disposal while imposing a significant financial burden on the government [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating the Effect of Mixed Subsidy Policies on Urban Low-Value Recyclable Waste in China: A System Dynamics Approach

Sun

Xie

Jiang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Low-value recyclable waste accounts for a large portion of urban waste output in many modern cities. The improper management and disposal of LVRW result in environmental pollution and a waste of resources. Given the characteristics of a high recovery cost and low recovery income of low-value recyclables, it is difficult to obtain a satisfactory waste disposal effect by completely relying on the market mechanism. It is thus necessary for the government to implement effective subsidies for multiple subjects in the urban waste recycling system (UWRS). This study examines the independent roles of four subsidy policies—subsidy to the third-party waste disposal institutions, subsidy to a state-owned waste disposal institution, R&D subsidy for green technology, and subsidy for government publicity—and develops a system dynamics model to verify the performance of the UWRS under different combinations of subsidy-based policies under multiple scenarios. Data on urban waste disposal for Guangzhou from 2019 and 2020 were used to validate and simulate the model. A sensitivity analysis of the main exogenous variables was carried out, and the conclusions are as follows: (1) On the premise of a fixed subsidy capital pool, a mixed subsidy policy produced the best impact on the UWRS. (2) The total subsidy needed to reach a certain threshold; otherwise, the mixed subsidy policy did not improve the UWRS. The total subsidy produced diminishing returns once it had exceeded the threshold. (3) Appropriately reducing subsidies for the third-party waste disposal institutions within a reasonable range does not affect the performance of the UWRS. (4) The effect of government publicity has short-term advantages, while the long-term potential of green technology is greater. Multi-agent coordination and the guidance of the market mechanism are important priorities in the design of subsidy-based policies. In addition, the trade-off between subjects needs attention, and a plan for mixed subsidy policies needs to be designed and implemented according to the response periods of different policies. The research here provides theoretical support for the government for designing subsidy-based policies.

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From pioneer to promotion: How can residential waste diversion non-profit organizations (NPOs) best co-evolve in modern China?

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

The Impacts of Shanghai’s July 2019 Municipal Domestic Waste Management Regulations on Energy Production

The Impacts of Shanghai’s July 2019 Municipal Domestic Waste Management Regulations on Energy Production

Comparative study on distributed generation trading mechanisms in the UK and China

Simulating the Effect of Mixed Subsidy Policies on Urban Low-Value Recyclable Waste in China: A System Dynamics Approach

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