From Plant Exploitation to Mutualism

Lieutier, François; Torres, Kalina Bermúdez; Cook, James M.; Harris, M. O.; Sallé, Aurélien; Schatz, Bertrand; Giron, David

doi:10.1016/bs.abr.2016.10.001

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 209 publications

(306 reference statements)

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“…Saprophytic fungi, therefore, may have facilitated the transition of ancient beetles, or their predecessors, from feeding upon saprophytic fungi in leaf litter to borers feeding on similar fungi in decaying wood ( Farrell, 1998 ; Grimaldi and Engel, 2005 ; Feng et al, 2017 ). Eventually endophytic beetle taxa evolved capacities to feed directly on wood and other tissues of living trees with its digestion facilitated by symbionts ( Figure 3 ; Martin, 1991 ; Feng et al, 2017 ; Lieutier et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Endophytic Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Endophagy in Herbivorous Insects

Tooker

Giron

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Herbivorous feeding inside plant tissues, or endophagy, is a common lifestyle across Insecta, and occurs in insect taxa that bore, roll, tie, mine, gall, or otherwise modify plant tissues so that the tissues surround the insects while they are feeding. Some researchers have developed hypotheses to explain the adaptive significance of certain endophytic lifestyles (e.g., miners or gallers), but we are unaware of previous efforts to broadly characterize the adaptive significance of endophagy more generally. To fill this knowledge gap, we characterized the limited set of evolutionary selection pressures that could have encouraged phytophagous insects to feed inside plants, and then consider how these factors align with evidence for endophagy in the evolutionary history of orders of herbivorous insects. Reviewing the occurrence of endophytic taxa of various feeding guilds reveals that the pattern of evolution of endophagy varies strongly among insect orders, in some cases being an ancestral trait (e.g., Coleoptera and Lepidoptera) while being more derived in others (e.g., Diptera). Despite the large diversity of endophagous lifestyles and evolutionary trajectories that have led to endophagy in insects, our consideration of selection pressures leads us to hypothesize that nutritionally based factors may have had a stronger influence on evolution of endophagy than other factors, but that competition, water conservation, and natural enemies may have played significant roles in the development of endophagy.

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Section: Endophytic Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Endophagy in Herbivorous Insects

Tooker

Giron

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The strategy of mass attack is used to overwhelm the defenses of the host. For example, with the aggressive Mediterranean species Tomicus destruens, the bored galleries damage the vascular system (xylem or phloem) and the cambium, resulting in various physiological imbalances (Chakali 2007;Lieutier et al 2017). Other bark beetle species attack recently dead trees and introduce symbiotic fungi (Ambrosia), and the hatched larvae then feed on the mycelium of these fungi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the prevalence of Bark beetles of Pinus halepensis in the North East semi-arid region of Algeria

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Moumeni L, Gastebois A, Gillmann L, Papon N, Benia F, Bouchara J-P, Bounechada M. 2021. Investigating the prevalence of Bark beetles of Pinus halepensis in the North East semi-arid region of Algeria. Biodiversitas 22: 2755-2762. Aleppo pine is the most common tree in the semi-arid forests of Algeria. Despite its high resistance to drought and adaptability to all types of soils, the effects of climate change are affecting it directly and indirectly. Stressed trees indeed are subject to bark beetle attacks. In this study, we sampled the bark beetles directly from the affected pine trees. Six species belonging to the Scolytinae subfamily were identified. Tomicus detruens and Orthotomicus erosus were widely spread and present in the three studied forests, where they were found to colonize living trees while Crypturgus numidicus, Crypturgus mediterraneus, Hylurgus ligniperda and Hylurgus micklitzi colonized only dead trees. Together with future identification of the microfungi associated with these xylophagous insects, these data may help to define prevention measures to fight the decline of Aleppo pine forests observed in some parts of Eastern Algeria.

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“…It also requires them to avoid plant direct and indirect defenses (Schoonhoven et al, 2005). Strategies used include insect manipulation of host plant physiology resulting in the inhibition of the plant immune responses (Dussourd, 2003;Despres et al, 2007;Felton & Tumlinson, 2008;Bruessow et al, 2010) and/or plant-manipulation resulting in improved nutritional benefits for the parasitic herbivore at the expense of the plant (Awmack & Leather, 2002;Lieutier et al, 2017). Some of the most spectacular insectinduced plant manipulations are the strong reprogramming of host plant development leading to new plant structures, such as galls (Price et al, 1987;Stone & Sch€ onrogge, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of plant cytokinin levels in the Wolbachia‐free leaf‐mining species Phyllonorycter mespilella

Zhang

Dubreuil

Faivre

et al. 2018

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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As phytohormones lie at the very core of molecular mechanisms controlling the plant physiology and development, they have long been hypothesized to be involved in insect-induced plant manipulations. Cytokinins (CKs) are phytohormones now widely recognized to be utilized by leaf-mining and gall-inducing insects in the control of the physiology of their host plant. In some leaf-mining moth species, larvae can supply the hormones themselves, bacterial symbionts contributing to the production of CKs. Our objective was to investigate whether closely related leaf-miner species sharing the same ecological niche but differing in their Wolbachia infection status develop similar strategies to manipulate their host plant. An extensive identification and quantification of CKs has been used to elucidate physiological patterns relevant for the plant-insect interactions. Our results show that modulation of plant CK levels is impaired in the Wolbachia-free leaf-mining moth Phyllonorycter mespilella (H€ ubner) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) contrasting with results previously observed in the closely related moth species Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabricius) that produce and deliver CKs to the plant through an intricate interaction with Wolbachia. Our study suggests that mechanisms underlying colonization of the host plant and adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions are different between the two leaf-miner species and that P. mespilella larvae most likely do not produce CKs. This species rather only buffers the degradation of CKs naturally occurring during the senescence of leaves leading to few active CKs being maintained at a sufficiently high level to induce and maintain a 'green island' phenotype (photosynthetically active green patches in otherwise senescing leaves). This study further provides converging experimental evidence pointing toward the influence of bacterial symbionts in the ability of leaf-mining moths to control the physiology of their host plant with consequences for their ecology and evolutionary diversification.

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From Plant Exploitation to Mutualism

Cited by 7 publications

References 209 publications

The Evolution of Endophagy in Herbivorous Insects

The Evolution of Endophagy in Herbivorous Insects

Investigating the prevalence of Bark beetles of Pinus halepensis in the North East semi-arid region of Algeria

Modulation of plant cytokinin levels in the Wolbachia‐free leaf‐mining species Phyllonorycter mespilella

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