From pole to pole: 33 years of physical oceanography on board of R/V POLARSTERN

Driemel, Amelie; Fahrbach, Eberhard; Rohardt, Gerd; Beszczynska-Möller, Agnieszka; Boetius, Antje; Budéus, Gereon; Cisewski, Boris; Engbrodt, Ralph; Gauger, Steffen; Geibert, Walter; Geprägs, Patrizia; Gerdes, D. W.; Gersonde, Rainer; Gordon, Arnold L.; Grobe, Hannes; Hellmer, Hartmut; Isla, Enrique; Jacobs, Stanley S.; Janout, Markus; Jokat, Wilfried; Klages, Michaël; Kuhn, Gerhard; Meincke, Jens; Ober, Sven; Østerhus, Svein; Peterson, Ray; Rabe, Benjamin; Rudels, Bert; Schauer, Ursula; Schröder, Michael; Schumacher, Stefanie; Sieger, Rainer; Sildam, Juri; Soltwedel, Thomas; Stangeew, Elena; Stein, Manfred; Strass, Volker; Thiede, Jörn; Tippenhauer, Sandra; Veth, C.; Appen, Wilken-Jon von; Weirig, Marie-France; Wisotzki, Andreas; Wolf‐Gladrow, Dieter; Kanzow, Torsten

doi:10.5194/essd-2016-64

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…S2 ) on three cruises: PS107 in 2017 (10.1594/PANGAEA.894189), PS114 in 2018 (10.1594/PANGAEA.898694) of RV Polarstern , and JR17005 in 2018 (10.5285/84988765-5fc2-5bba-e053-6c86abc05d53) of RRS James Clark Ross . The data were processed according to standard routine 79 . Additionally, we use underway CTD data from an OceanScience underway CTD collected during PS107 in 2017 (10.1594/PANGAEA.886146) and processed according to ref.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea-ice derived meltwater stratification slows the biological carbon pump: results from continuous observations

et al. 2021

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The ocean moderates the world’s climate through absorption of heat and carbon, but how much carbon the ocean will continue to absorb remains unknown. The North Atlantic Ocean west (Baffin Bay/Labrador Sea) and east (Fram Strait/Greenland Sea) of Greenland features the most intense absorption of anthropogenic carbon globally; the biological carbon pump (BCP) contributes substantially. As Arctic sea-ice melts, the BCP changes, impacting global climate and other critical ocean attributes (e.g. biodiversity). Full understanding requires year-round observations across a range of ice conditions. Here we present such observations: autonomously collected Eulerian continuous 24-month time-series in Fram Strait. We show that, compared to ice-unaffected conditions, sea-ice derived meltwater stratification slows the BCP by 4 months, a shift from an export to a retention system, with measurable impacts on benthic communities. This has implications for ecosystem dynamics in the future warmer Arctic where the seasonal ice zone is expected to expand.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea-ice derived meltwater stratification slows the biological carbon pump: results from continuous observations

et al. 2021

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“…Similar to PS111, both historic surveys entered the Ronne ice front region through polynyas, and CTD stations were approximately sampled at the same relative distance from the shelf ice. For an interannual comparison of source water salinities in Filchner Trough, we further investigated historical CTD stations collected between 1973 and 2018 (see Carmack & Foster, 1975; Driemel et al., 2017; Foldvik et al., 1985 for historic data details).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FRIS Revisited in 2018: On the Circulation and Water Masses at the Filchner and Ronne Ice Shelves in the Southern Weddell Sea

et al. 2021

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The Antarctic continent stores the largest amount of freshwater on Earth. However, the Antarctic ice sheets and glaciers are losing mass, leading to a cumulative sea level rise of 14 mm since 1979 (Rignot et al., 2019). Some ice mass loss could be linked to changes in the atmosphere, such as the warming of the Antarctic Peninsula (Vaughan et al., 2003), which triggered the decay of the Larsen ice shelves (Broeke, 2005;Rott et al., 1996). However, the majority of ice mass was lost from glaciers and ice sheets that were exposed to the influence of warm ocean waters (Rignot et al., 2019). Thompson et al. (2018) classify the Antarctic

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“…The ship‐based data available for the cross‐slope transects of PM, KN, and AP is combined with all available ARGO and seal‐borne CTD profiles located within the vicinity of each section (Argo, 2017; Driemel et al, 2017; Treasure et al, 2017). Optimal interpolation (OI) is applied to temperature and salinity of the collected data sets in the planetary potential porticity ( PPV = f / h ) versus depth ( Z ) space (the data points used for the OI are given in Figure 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent Seasonal Acceleration of the Weddell Sea Boundary Current System Driven by Upstream Winds

et al. 2020

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The Weddell Sea is of global importance in the formation of dense bottom waters associated with sea ice formation and ocean-ice sheet interaction occurring on the shelf areas. In this context, the Weddell Sea boundary current system (BCS) presents a major conduit for transporting relatively warm water to the Weddell Sea ice shelves and for exporting some modified form of Wedell Sea deep and bottom waters into the open ocean. This study investigates the downstream evolution of the structure and the seasonality of the BCS along the Weddell Sea continental slope, combining ocean data collected for the past two decades at three study locations. The interannual-mean geostrophic flow, which follows planetary potential vorticity contours, shifts from being surface intensified to bottom intensified along stream. The shift occurs due to the densification of water masses and the decreasing surface stress that occurs westward, toward the Antarctic Peninsula. A coherent along-slope seasonal acceleration of the barotropic flow exists, with maximum speed in austral autumn and minimum speed in austral summer. The barotropic flow significantly contributes to the seasonal variability in bottom velocity along the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. Our analysis suggests that the winds on the eastern/northeastern side of the gyre determines the seasonal acceleration of the barotropic flow. In turn, they might control the export of Weddell Sea Bottom Water on seasonal time scales. The processes controlling the baroclinic seasonality of the flow need further investigation. Plain Language Summary In the Weddell Sea, large amounts of seawater are cooled to become dense and sink, carrying signals of human-induced changes such as atmospheric carbon into the abyss of the ocean. Understanding the variability of the ocean currents at the Antarctic continental margin is critical because it controls both the export of the dense water formed in these areas and the access of warm water that may melt the Antarctic ice sheet. This study investigates the structure and the seasonality of the flow at the continental margin in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, using in situ observations upstream and downstream of the dense water formation regions. Following the bathymetry, ocean currents flow from East to West along the continental shelf edge. As water densifies along this path, the flow speed changes from being maximum at the ocean surface to be maximum at the bottom. The depth-averaged current varies with a synchronized seasonality along the continental shelf break, reaching a maximum in austral autumn. Our analysis suggests that the winds on the eastern/northeastern margin drives the seasonality of the depth-averaged flow along the shelf break, significantly contributing to changes in bottom velocity near the export region.

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From pole to pole: 33 years of physical oceanography on board of R/V POLARSTERN

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Sea-ice derived meltwater stratification slows the biological carbon pump: results from continuous observations

Sea-ice derived meltwater stratification slows the biological carbon pump: results from continuous observations

FRIS Revisited in 2018: On the Circulation and Water Masses at the Filchner and Ronne Ice Shelves in the Southern Weddell Sea

Coherent Seasonal Acceleration of the Weddell Sea Boundary Current System Driven by Upstream Winds

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