From probiotics to postbiotics: Concepts and applications

Liu, Chunchen; Yuan, Feng; Zhou, Min; Li, Huahui; Zhang, Xiujun; Ma, Xi

doi:10.1002/aro2.7

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…However, supplementation with OA reduced the relative abundance of Firmicutes. The interaction between YC and OA increased the abundance of the Actinobacteria phylum, which contains the crucial probiotic Bifidobacterium genus for gut health (7). Additionally, supplementation with YC and OA interaction significantly increased the abundance of the Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia phyla.…”

Section: Rumen Bacterial Phylum Compositionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a unicellular fungus commonly added to animal feed as yeast culture (YC) or live yeast (LY) supplement that facilitates carbohydrate fermentation (5). Adding YC to the ruminant's diet can stimulate fiber digestion (6) and change fermentation by improving the rumen microflora composition (7,8), but it is not a nutrient source (9). Plata and Bárcena-Gama (10) conducted a study showing that adding YC to the diet could facilitate the breakdown of hemicellulose in the rumen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of yeast culture and oxalic acid supplementation on in vitro nutrient disappearance, rumen fermentation, and bacterial community composition

Aschalew,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Hemicellulose is an important polysaccharide in ruminant nutrition, but it has not been studied as thoroughly as cellulose. Further research is needed to explore supplements that can improve its digestibility and ruminal buffering effects. Our previous research demonstrated the efficacy of oxalic acid (OA) as an essential nutrient in yeast culture (YC) for improving rumen fermentation performance. Consequently, we conducted in vitro rumen digestion experiments to examine the effects of YC and OA on rumen fermentation and bacterial composition. Two diets containing different levels of hemicellulose were formulated: diet 1 with 10.3% and diet 2 with 17% hemicellulose. Three levels of YC (0.00, 0.625, and 1.25 g/kg) and three doses of OA (0.0, 0.4, and 0.8 g/kg, DM) were added into each diet with a 3 × 3 factorial design. A comprehensive assessment was conducted on a total of 18 experimental treatments at fermentation periods of 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. In the first experiment (diet 1), the supplementation of YC, OA, and their interaction significantly increased in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) and NDF disappearance (IVNDFD; p < 0.001). In the second experiment (diet 2), the supplementation of OA and the interaction between YC and OA (p < 0.001) increased IVDMD and IVCPD, but had no significant effects on IVNDFD. The interactions of YC and OA significantly increased ammonia nitrogen (p < 0.001). The production of acetic acid, propionic acid, and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), and pH levels were significantly higher in treatments supplemented with YC and OA (p < 0.001). YC and OA in both diets significantly altered the rumen bacterial community leading to increased Shannon and Simpson diversity indices (p < 0.001). In both diets, OA supplementation significantly increased the relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes and Prevotella genus. The result also showed a positive correlation between the Prevotella and Selenomonas genera with IVDMD, IVNDFD, propionic acid, and TVFA production, suggesting that these dominant bacteria enhanced nutrient disappearance in the rumen. In conclusion, adding YC and OA resulted in modifications to the bacterial community’s composition and diversity, and improved nutrient disappearance. These changes indicate improved rumen fermentation efficiency, which is promising for future in vivo studies.

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Section: Rumen Bacterial Phylum Compositionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of yeast culture and oxalic acid supplementation on in vitro nutrient disappearance, rumen fermentation, and bacterial community composition

Aschalew,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…In recent decades, antibiotics have been employed to improve feed conversion efficiency, treat diseases, and prevent infections in livestock production. In industrialized farming, antibiotics that are frequently used in animal feed to promote growth have led to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) [ 11 ]. The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria further exposes farm workers to new strains of resistant bacteria and increases the risk of infection and illness among these workers [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus and biofilms: transmission, threats, and promising strategies in animal husbandry

Song,

Tang,

Ding

et al. 2024

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogenic bacterium in animal husbandry that can cause diseases such as mastitis, skin infections, arthritis, and other ailments. The formation of biofilms threatens and exacerbates S. aureus infection by allowing the bacteria to adhere to pathological areas and livestock product surfaces, thus triggering animal health crises and safety issues with livestock products. To solve this problem, in this review, we provide a brief overview of the harm caused by S. aureus and its biofilms on livestock and animal byproducts (meat and dairy products). We also describe the ways in which S. aureus spreads in animals and the threats it poses to the livestock industry. The processes and molecular mechanisms involved in biofilm formation are then explained. Finally, we discuss strategies for the removal and eradication of S. aureus and biofilms in animal husbandry, including the use of antimicrobial peptides, plant extracts, nanoparticles, phages, and antibodies. These strategies to reduce the spread of S. aureus in animal husbandry help maintain livestock health and improve productivity to ensure the ecologically sustainable development of animal husbandry and the safety of livestock products.

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“…As a sensor of nutrition, mTOR plays a role in regulating lipid and protein metabolism, cell survival, cell death, and aging [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Additionally, mTOR modulates mitochondrial biogenesis and turnover [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arginine Regulates Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type Formation via mTOR Signaling Pathway

Zhou,

Wei,

Feng

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The composition of skeletal muscle fiber types affects the quality of livestock meat and human athletic performance and health. L-arginine (Arg), a semi-essential amino acid, has been observed to promote the formation of slow-twitch muscle fibers in animal models. However, the precise molecular mechanisms are still unclear. This study investigates the role of Arg in skeletal muscle fiber composition and mitochondrial function through the mTOR signaling pathway. In vivo, 4-week C56BL/6J male mice were divided into three treatment groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with different concentrations of Arg in their drinking water. The trial lasted 7 weeks. The results show that Arg supplementation significantly improved endurance exercise performance, along with increased SDH enzyme activity and upregulated expression of the MyHC I, MyHC IIA, PGC-1α, and NRF1 genes in the gastrocnemius (GAS) and quadriceps (QUA) muscles compared to the control group. In addition, Arg activated the mTOR signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle of mice. In vitro experiments using cultured C2C12 myotubes demonstrated that Arg elevated the expression of slow-fiber genes (MyHC I and Tnnt1) as well as mitochondrial genes (PGC-1α, TFAM, MEF2C, and NRF1), whereas the effects of Arg were inhibited by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. In conclusion, these findings suggest that Arg modulates skeletal muscle fiber type towards slow-twitch fibers and enhances mitochondrial functions by upregulating gene expression through the mTOR signaling pathway.

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From probiotics to postbiotics: Concepts and applications

Cited by 26 publications

References 165 publications

Effects of yeast culture and oxalic acid supplementation on in vitro nutrient disappearance, rumen fermentation, and bacterial community composition

Effects of yeast culture and oxalic acid supplementation on in vitro nutrient disappearance, rumen fermentation, and bacterial community composition

Staphylococcus aureus and biofilms: transmission, threats, and promising strategies in animal husbandry

Arginine Regulates Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type Formation via mTOR Signaling Pathway

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