From process consultation to a clinical model of development practice

Cooke, Bill

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-162x(199708)17:3<325::aid-pad951>3.0.co;2-m

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As Freedman (1999) noted, Schein’s process consultation, though having been around for many years, found a new audience. Owing to its association with T-groups, it all but disappeared in the 1970s and 1980s, but in the 1990s it was advocated by the UN for use in international development projects (Cooke, 1997; Murrell, 1994). This was not just a reflection of its cross-cultural utility, but also because it was increasingly seen as a social constructionist approach to change (Lambrechts et al, 2009).…”

Section: The 1990s and The 2000s – The Renaissance Of Organization Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Article: The past, present and future of organization development: Taking the long view

Burnes¹,

2012

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Organization development has been, and arguably still is, the major approach to organizational change across the Western world, and increasingly globally. Despite this, there appears to be a great deal of confusion as to its origins, nature, purpose and durability. This article reviews the ‘long’ history of organization development from its origins in the work of Kurt Lewin in the late 1930s to its current state and future prospects. It chronicles and analyses the major stages, disjunctures and controversies in its history and allows these to be seen in a wider context. The article closes by arguing that, although organization development remains the dominant approach to organizational change, there are significant issues that it must address if it is to achieve the ambitious and progressive social and organizational aims of its founders.

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Section: The 1990s and The 2000s – The Renaissance Of Organization Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review Article: The past, present and future of organization development: Taking the long view

Burnes¹,

2012

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“…Despite the NGO sector's assumption that its comparative advantage lies in its local responsiveness, social focus, cultural sensitivity to peoples' needs and the appropriateness of interventions (Cernea, 1988;Brown & Covey 1987;Burkey 1993;Najam 1998;Mercer 2004 et al;Lloyd & Las Casas, 2005), there is little or no articulation of a cross-cultural approach in the relatively sparse literature on management in NGOs (for example, Edwards and Fowler, 2002;Cooke 1997Cooke & 1998. Furthermore, international ('Northern') funding agencies place pressure on local NGOs to adopt 'modern' management methods (Fowler, 1995), which may be quite inappropriate for managing local staff.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-cultural management in South African NGOs

Jackson

Haines

2007

South African Review of Sociology

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Uttle has been written on cross-cultural management in Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs) , despite their apparent importance in managing people through reconciling cultural influences from post-colonial, Western and local sources, and despite development NGOs' working predominantly in multicultural societies. This article provides a model for analysing cross-cultural dynamics in the management of people through a concept of cultural crossvergence and hybridisation, and by incorporating the idea of locus of human value, focusing on instrumental and humanistic views of the value of people. Hypotheses are developed regarding the appropriateness of management systems to the cultural expectations of local staff, and the consequences for motivation and commitment. Through a study of local NGOs in South Africa, as an example of management in a multicultural, developing country, there is evidence of resistance to instrumental and results-oriented principles of managing people, such as performance related reward. Rather, there is a development of hybrid management forms that incorporate local, humanistic values and expectations. Yet cross-cultural issues appear not to be addressed formally through capacity building. These initial findings have implications for the way people are managed in local NGOs, and should be noted by local managers as well as policy makers in development agencies.

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“…In the mid 1990s an academic debate took place amongst several authors (Cooke, 1997;Blunt, 1997;Bell, 1997;Joy, 1997) which resulted in a call for personal theories of development. The debate emerged out of a search for a coherent practice theory for development practitioners and Cooke's (1997) proposal of a clinical/process consultation model as the general framework for such a theory. This clinical/process consultation approach involved practitioners adopting a similar practice theory to other helping professions with a particular focus on medical professions.…”

Section: Personal Practice Theories Of Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the development of both personal practice theory and theoria, several authors have highlighted the role of reflective methodologies (Cooke, 1997;Eikeland & Nicolini, 2011) while Brigg (2009) highlights that "[e]xamining developers' selves is necessarily a reflective ethical task" (ibid p1411). While reflexivity generally employs a critical focus on the self, I believe that reflective practice provides a more promising and constructive approach.…”

Section: Reflective Practice and Personal Development Theoriasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Having struggled to inductively develop a structure for my conception of development, I decided to return to the literature (Cooke, 1997;Loy, 1997;and Pieterse, 1998) and designed a conceptual framework for guiding the process. The conceptual framework that I developed was organised around my conceptualisations of development's ends, means, actors and key elements.…”

Section: Second Reflective Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternative Development Practice: The Role of Personal Conceptions of Development and Self-Understanding

Harris¹

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<p>It seems to be a favourite past time of development studies lecturers to begin their courses with the question: “What is development?” This old chestnut invariably serves its purpose of challenging and complicating our understandings of development and stimulating a good deal of debate. It is rare however, if this question is ever followed by any real guidance on how to answer it or consideration of what the answer might mean for one’s practice. For those seeking an alternative development practice in the context of a ‘development’ that grows ever more theoretically complex and morally ambiguous, I argue that engaging with and answering this question at a personal level is of vital importance. Within development studies, debate continues to grow over the definition of development’s ends and means, and over who controls it, defines it and benefits from it. In particular, alternative development approaches originating from Another Development thinkers of the 1970s are concerned with challenging the conceptualisation of development by opening its interpretation to multiple value systems and realities. At the same time there is an increasing awareness of the ‘primacy of the personal’ (Chambers, 1994 p3) through the implication of personal ethics and awareness in development practice. I argue that the combination of these factors gives rise to a personal challenge for alternative development practitioners to engage with and understand their own conceptions of development. A challenge that practitioners are not equipped to meet as they lack the conceptual and methodological tools required to move from abstract development theory to concrete practice. In response to these challenges my research draws on my personal experience as an intern in Latin America and employs an innovative auto-ethnographic methodology to examine the potential of development ‘theorias’ for orientating alternative development practice. Theorias are personal conceptions of development that allow practitioners to work with their own understandings of good change and structure these in relation to development and development practice. Employing reflective practice methods, I draw on my own experience as a novice development practitioner to investigate the elaboration of development theorias and their consequences for alternative development practice. The results suggest that theorias could provide practitioners with appropriate ‘tools’ with which to reflect upon, work through and explore personal conceptions of development as the basis for alternative development practice. My research indicates that theorias could also form the basis of an ‘alignment based approach’ to alternative development that facilitates cooperative processes aimed at co-creating and working towards new conceptualisations of development. The overall result is a unique contribution to the field of development studies which provides an example of reflective processes and conceptual tools for practitioners to constructively engage with the central questions of development’s ends and means from within the context of their own practice. The lack of literature regarding reflective engagement with practitioner conceptions of development highlights the importance of this research and its potential to contribute to alternative development practice and theory.</p>

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From process consultation to a clinical model of development practice

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Review Article: The past, present and future of organization development: Taking the long view

Review Article: The past, present and future of organization development: Taking the long view

Cross-cultural management in South African NGOs

Alternative Development Practice: The Role of Personal Conceptions of Development and Self-Understanding

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