From Pt molecules to nanoparticles: <i>in-situ</i> (anomalous) small-angle X-ray scattering studies

Haubold, H.‐G.; Vad, Thomas; Waldöfner, Norbert; Bönnemann, Helmut

doi:10.1107/s0021889803005144

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…[346] While the mean particle radius did not change over time, the mass fraction increased as more particles were formed from the precursor. The authors were able to conclude that a monodisperse population of Pt nanoparticles was formed.…”

Section: Anomalous Saxsmentioning

confidence: 95%

X-ray scattering characterisation of nanoparticles

Ingham

2015

Crystallography Reviews

144

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This article provides, in tutorial style, a review of X-ray scattering methods commonly used to characterise nanoparticles and gives numerous case studies of basic science and industrial applications right up to the present. It is divided into two major sections, broadly covering Xray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering. Each section begins with a brief introduction to the technique and the information that can be obtained by using it, followed by a discussion on experimental considerations, with a particular focus on nanoparticle characterisation. The techniques and analysis methods are demonstrated by way of examples of a wide variety of nanoparticle materials and synthesis methods. Recent advances in related techniques such as anomalous scattering and pair distribution function analysis are also described and discussed.

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Section: Anomalous Saxsmentioning

confidence: 95%

X-ray scattering characterisation of nanoparticles

Ingham

2015

Crystallography Reviews

144

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“…The work of Bönnemann et al on the preparation of Pt nanoclusters offers another idea of what might happen during nucleation [90][91][92][93]. In the reaction of Pt(acac) 2 (acac = acetoacetanoate) with Al(CH 3 ) 3 , an intermediate was proposed consisting of two tetramethylplatinum species bridged by two methylaluminum species, Scheme 7 [94].…”

Section: Bönnemann's Pt Nanocluster Intermediate Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Nanocluster nucleation and growth kinetic and mechanistic studies: A review emphasizing transition-metal nanoclusters

Finney

Finke

2008

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

347

410

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“…Nanoparticles of metal remain surrounded by organoaluminum species enabling the control of their growth [1,[54][55][56][57][58]. These reactions are presumably promoted by the high affinity of Al to oxygen.…”

Section: Reduction Via Intermediate Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Nanoparticulate Magnetic Materials

Kolesnichenko

2009

Magnetic Nanoparticles

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Most magnetic materials used in today's technology are either metals or metal oxides. From a chemist's point of view, their preparation in bulk form is a simple task, however a bit more challenging aspect relates to phase purity, crystal structure and morphology which are responsible for better performance of these functional materials. The reduction of the crystal dimensionality to the nanometer scale brings a new degree of complexity to their synthesis. The area of science dealing with the development of magnetic nanoparticles, originates from solid-state inorganic chemistry and physics on one hand, and from the colloid and surface chemistry on the other.Ferrofluids, the colloidal dispersions of magnetic iron oxides in hydrocarbon oil, represent probably the first application of magnetic materials in the new form. Their preparation was based on mechanical grinding of the bulk oxide in the presence of surfactant oleic acid and a hydrocarbon solvent. By that time, an alternative approach which originated from the discoveries of colloidal chemistry was introduced, according to which the single metal ion precursors were used in chemical reactions leading to their condensation and subsequent precipitation. This technique was later called ''bottom-up,'' to indicate its fundamental difference from mechanical grinding, and was applied mostly to metal oxides, sulfides, and noble metals. As the theory of magnetism and the discovery of quantum confinement effect ignited a new wave of interest to nanocrystalline inorganic materials, the third approach to synthesis, based on the vapor condensation, was developed.The simplicity of the grinding method may be considered an advantage, but it can be used only (a) for metal oxides because most metals are malleable and (b) for those areas of application, where particle morphology and phase purity are unimportant. The vapor phase condensation methods are superior in terms of phase purity; they also have an advantage when multilayer composites are to be prepared, but they are not competitive in the scaled preparations and when uniform particle morphology is necessary.

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From Pt molecules to nanoparticles: in-situ (anomalous) small-angle X-ray scattering studies

Cited by 26 publications

References 4 publications

X-ray scattering characterisation of nanoparticles

X-ray scattering characterisation of nanoparticles

Nanocluster nucleation and growth kinetic and mechanistic studies: A review emphasizing transition-metal nanoclusters

Synthesis of Nanoparticulate Magnetic Materials

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