“From seed-to-seed” experiment with wheat plants under space-flight conditions

Mashinsky, A.L.; Ivanova, I. N.; Derendyaeva, T. A.; Nechitailo, Galina S.; Salisbury, Frank B.

doi:10.1016/0273-1177(94)90274-7

Cited by 52 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…3). Because no dierences in¯ower numbers were seen in the space¯ight material compared to the ground controls, we concluded that our comparative developmental study would not be subject to problems encountered in previous experiments, in which substantial delays in plant development occurred in the¯ight material (Merkys and Laurinavicius 1983;Halstead and Dutcher 1987;Mashinsky et al 1994). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Numerous attempts have been made to grow a plant through a complete life cycle in space (Kordyum et al 1983;Mashinsky et al 1994), but the only successful cycle was achieved in 1983 with Arabidopsis thaliana on board Salyut 7 in a miniature plant growth chamber called Phyton. The plants had grown from seed planted on orbit, and although development was delayed, they¯owered and produced new seed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant reproduction during spaceflight: importance of the gaseous environment

Musgrave

Kuang

Matthews

1997

Planta

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Plant reproduction is a complex developmental process likely to be disrupted by the unusual environmental conditions in orbital spacecraft. Previous results, reviewed herein, indicated difficulties in obtaining successful seen production in orbit, often relating to delayed plant development during the long-term growth necessary for a complete plant life cycle. Using short-duration exposure to spaceflight, we studied plant reproduction in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh, during three flight experiments: CHROMEX-03 on STS-54 (6 d), CHROMEX-04 on STS-51 (10 d), and CHROMEX-05 on STS-68 (11 d). Plants were 13 - 14 d old (rosettes) at time of launch and initiated flowering shoots while in orbit. Plants were retrieved from the orbiters 2 - 3 h after landing and reproductive material was immediately processed for in-vivo observations of pollen viability, pollen tube growth, and esterase activity in the stigma, or fixed for later microscopy. Plants produced equal numbers of flowers to those controls growing on the ground but required special environmental conditions to permit fertilization and early seed development during spaceflight. In CHROMEX-03, plants were grown in closed plant growth chambers (PGCs), and male and female gametophyte development aborted at an early stage in the flight material. In CHROMEX-04, carbon dioxide enrichment was provided to the closed PGCs and reproductive development proceeded normally until the pollination stage, when there was an obstacle to pollen transfer in the spaceflight material. In CHROMEX-05, an air-exchange system was used to provide a slow purging of the PGCs with filtered cabin air. Under these conditions, the spaceflight plants apparently had reproductive development comparable to the ground controls, and immature seeds were produced. In every aspect examined, these seeds are similar to those produced by the ground control plants. The results suggest that if the physical environment around the plant under spaceflight conditions meets the physiological demands of the plant, then reproductive development can proceed normally on orbit.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant reproduction during spaceflight: importance of the gaseous environment

Musgrave

Kuang

Matthews

1997

Planta

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“…Many plant space biology experiments have shown abnormalities such as chromosomal breakage (Krikorian and O'Connor, 1984), failure to produce seed (Mashinsky et al,1994;Campbell et al, 2001), altered or nonviable embryos (Merkys and Laurinavicius, 1983), alterations in the cell wall composition and properties (Hoson et al, 2003), increased breakdown of xyloglucans (Soga et al, 2002), changes in polar auxin transport (Ueda et al, 2000), or other morphological abnormalities (Link and Cosgrove, 2000). Most plant space experiments last less than 18 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed-to-Seed-to-Seed Growth and Development of Arabidopsis in Microgravity

Link

Busse²,

Stanković³

2014

Astrobiology

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Arabidopsis thaliana was grown from seed to seed wholly in microgravity on the International Space Station. Arabidopsis plants were germinated, grown, and maintained inside a growth chamber prior to returning to Earth. Some of these seeds were used in a subsequent experiment to successfully produce a second (back-toback) generation of microgravity-grown Arabidopsis. In general, plant growth and development in microgravity proceeded similarly to those of the ground controls, which were grown in an identical chamber. Morphologically, the most striking feature of space-grown Arabidopsis was that the secondary inflorescence branches and siliques formed nearly perpendicular angles to the inflorescence stems. The branches grew out perpendicularly to the main inflorescence stem, indicating that gravity was the key determinant of branch and silique angle and that light had either no role or a secondary role in Arabidopsis branch and silique orientation. Seed protein bodies were 55% smaller in space seed than in controls, but protein assays showed only a 9% reduction in seed protein content. Germination rates for space-produced seed were 92%, indicating that the seeds developed in microgravity were healthy and viable. Gravity is not necessary for seed-to-seed growth of plants, though it plays a direct role in plant form and may influence seed reserves.

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“…This temperature rise could cause reproductive disorders when ambient air temperatures are in the neighborhood of 30˚C. Arabidopsis and wheat plants grown in space were found to produce and develop flowers, but their flowers produced more sterile seeds than did ground control plants (Merkies, and Laurinavichyus, 1983;Mashinsky et al, 1994;Salisbury et al,1995).…”

Section: Possible Suppression Of Transpiration and Photosynthesis Undmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several space flight experiments with plants in the early stage have observed poor growth, poor seed production and genetic aberrations (Merkies and Laurinavichyus, 1983;Mashinsky et al, 1994;Salisbury et al, 1995). Insufficient (Porterfield, 2002) or excess supply (Wheeler et al 1999;Monje and Bugbee, 1998) of CO 2 to plants caused their poor growth in plant growing facilities in space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important Role of Air Convection for Plant Production in Space Farming

2010

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The present paper aims to outline problems for growing healthy plants over a complete ontogenetic cycle in space farming. Possible e f f e c t s o f s u b -g r a v i t y o r m i c r o g r a v i t y conditions on suppression of plant growth and reproduction were summarized in a view of heat and gas exchanges between leaves and reproductive organs of plants and atmosphere. It is concluded that proper control of air movement would be essential to make the environmental variables uniform inside the plant canopy and to enhance the heat/gas exchange between plants and the ambient air and thus promote growth of healthy plants under microgravity conditions in space farming.

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“From seed-to-seed” experiment with wheat plants under space-flight conditions

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Plant reproduction during spaceflight: importance of the gaseous environment

Plant reproduction during spaceflight: importance of the gaseous environment

Seed-to-Seed-to-Seed Growth and Development of Arabidopsis in Microgravity

Important Role of Air Convection for Plant Production in Space Farming

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