2004
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.87.4.468
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From Seeing to Being: Subliminal Social Comparisons Affect Implicit and Explicit Self-Evaluations.

Abstract: The authors hypothesize that social comparisons can have automatic influences on self-perceptions. This was tested by determining whether subliminal exposure to comparison information influences implicit and explicit self-evaluation. Study 1 showed that subliminal exposure to social comparison information increased the accessibility of the self. Study 2 revealed that subliminal exposure to social comparison information resulted in a contrast effect on explicit self-evaluation. Study 3 showed that subliminal ex… Show more

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Cited by 139 publications
(155 citation statements)
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“…We think that in the current study (as well as in the other studies reported in this article) the high correlations occurred because our participants were unaware of the influence of language on the perceptual-focus task. They not only failed to realize that they had been exposed to linguistic categories that might have influenced their implicit responses (e.g., matching task), but they also failed to realize that they had been exposed to stimuli that might have influenced their explicit responses (for further information, see Stapel & Blanton, 2004).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We think that in the current study (as well as in the other studies reported in this article) the high correlations occurred because our participants were unaware of the influence of language on the perceptual-focus task. They not only failed to realize that they had been exposed to linguistic categories that might have influenced their implicit responses (e.g., matching task), but they also failed to realize that they had been exposed to stimuli that might have influenced their explicit responses (for further information, see Stapel & Blanton, 2004).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Possible causes of such a response shift might be adaptation and coping strategies, social comparison (16), information bias in time (learning processes) (17), or a change in expectations (18). At presentation of a disease (such as RA), there will be great anxiety about the future prospects and the unknown course of the disease, which will be reflected in measures of well-being.…”
Section: Kievit Et Almentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At the end of the study, participants were told that the study would be continued and in order to assure that they would recognize their own work in case they forgot their number a few months later they were asked to sign their questionnaires with their casual hand-written signature. The size of the smallest square covering the whole handwritten signature served as a measure of their implicit self-esteem (Rudman, Dohn, & Fairchild, 2007;Stapel & Blanton, 2004;Zweigenhaft, 1977;Zweigenhaft & Marlowe, 1973). All signatures were scanned and their size measured in millimeters using Gimp 2 software.…”
Section: Self-esteemmentioning
confidence: 99%