“…One is research on input trade liberalisation, covering the impact of input liberalisation on productivity (Amiti & Konings, 2007;Brandt et al, 2017), export prices and quality upgrading (Bas & Strauss-Kahn, 2015), firm export decisions and downstream firm exports (Bas, 2012;Chevassus-Lozza, Gaigné, & Le Mener, 2013), firm innovation (Fan, Li, & Yeaple, 2015;Liu & Qiu, 2016), etc. It is worth mentioning that Breinlich, Soderbery, and Wright (2018) studied the impact of trade liberalisation on the services provided by UK manufacturing firms which is the only one study directly relevant to our paper. They found that lower manufacturing tariffs lead firms to shift into service provision and out of goods production, and selling industry-specific expertise and specialising in skill-intensive services production are two main mechanisms.…”