From semi to fully autonomous vehicles: New emerging risks and ethico-legal challenges for human-machine interactions

Bellet, Thierry; Cunneen, Martin; Mullins, Martin; Murphy, Finbarr; Pütz, Fabian; Spickermann, Florian; Braendle, Claudia; Baumann, Martina

doi:10.1016/j.trf.2019.04.004

Cited by 59 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, it was observed that besides the prominent issues, ethico-legal issues and welfare of the society was also a source of concern among the researchers. Product liability and the regulations that need to be imposed on these robotic vehicles must be discussed upon and formulated responsibly, for progressing towards the sustainable deployment of automated vehicles on public roads (Bellet, et al, 2019). Once the guidelines are established, standard set of technologies that would be applied universally and accepted by the industry will be easier to identify and protocols used will be defined officially.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information Management Challenges in Autonomous Vehicles

Ghansiyal¹,

Mittal²,

Kar

2021

Journal of Cases on Information Technology

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The focus of automobile industry is towards producing efficient driverless cars that are risk free and with zero tolerance to safety violations thereby following in the footsteps of autonomous robots. In this study, the author elaborates on the vulnerabilities relevant to internet of things technology implementation in these connected cars, commonly termed as internet of vehicles. This topic has already been discussed frequently by the research community; however, the main contribution of the paper is to establish the connection of information management with autonomous systems, an aspect that other literatures lack. The focus of the study is on presenting a brief introduction to the foundation technologies used in the connected vehicles. It also aims to summarize the various security methods that have been used infrequently and could be further explored in future research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information Management Challenges in Autonomous Vehicles

Ghansiyal¹,

Mittal²,

Kar

2021

Journal of Cases on Information Technology

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“…The driver must make the decision of whether to take control, while the AV seeks confirmation from on-board sensors to identify whether or not the driver is ready to take control. During the operation of AV, there is a constant merging of tasks where at any one time, both the driver and the AV are likely to have some responsibility (Bellet et al, 2019). This presents an alternative to the unsatisfying and dualistic 'driver in charge' or 'vehicle in charge' dichotomy (Bellet et al, 2019).…”

Section: How Responsibility Leads To Liabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the operation of AV, there is a constant merging of tasks where at any one time, both the driver and the AV are likely to have some responsibility (Bellet et al, 2019). This presents an alternative to the unsatisfying and dualistic 'driver in charge' or 'vehicle in charge' dichotomy (Bellet et al, 2019). However, this framework necessarily assumes a closed loop of potential action, whereby if during the monitoring phase, the vehicle detects the driver is not ready to take over, the AV will deal with the situation either by continuing the driving until the driver is ready, or by making a safe stop.…”

Section: How Responsibility Leads To Liabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Legal issues in automated vehicles: critically considering the potential role of consent and interactive digital interfaces

Pattinson

Chen

Basu

2020

Humanit Soc Sci Commun

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Some of the first ‘automated’ vehicles to be deployed on our roads will require a system of shared driving with a human driver. While this creates technical and operational challenges, the law must also facilitate such a transfer. One method may be to obtain the driver’s consent to share operational responsibility and to delineate legal responsibility between vehicle and driver in the event of an accident. Consent is a voluntary agreement where an individual is aware of the potential consequences of their consent, including the risks. The driver of a partially automated vehicle must be informed of potential risks before giving consent to share operational responsibility. This paper will refer to the inherent dangers associated with shared operational responsibility, in particular where there has been a request for the driver to take back control from the automated vehicle during the journey. Drivers are likely to experience delay in regaining situational awareness, making such operational transfers hazardous. It is argued that where an interactive digital interface is used to convey information, such as driver responsibility, risk and legal terms, drivers may fail to sufficiently process such communications due to fundamental weaknesses in human–machine interaction. The use of an interactive digital interface alone may be inadequate to effectively communicate information to drivers. If the problems identified are not addressed, it is argued that driver consent may be inconsequential, and fail to facilitate a predicable demarcation of legal responsibility between automated vehicles and drivers. Ongoing research into automated vehicle driver training is considered as part of the preparation required to design driver education to a level whereby drivers may be able to sufficiently understand the responsibilities involved in operating a partially automated vehicle, which has implications for future driver training, licensing and certification.

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“…The same is happening in level five of autonomous driving, except that the driving algorithm decides. Thus, algorithms should be developed based on ethical theories and existing laws to prevent unequal treatment of groups of people [13]. However, theses algorithms have immense upsides.…”

Section: Dilemma Situationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Moral Consensus Mechanism for Autonomous Driving: Towards a Law-compliant Basis of Logic Programming

Wanner¹,

Herm²,

Langer³

et al. 2020

WI2020 Zentrale Tracks

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Research into autonomous vehicles is making progress. While implementation is progressing through machine learning and efficient sensor technology, one key challenge remains dealing with moral disputes. In general, traffic requires for moral decisions that might even decide on the life or death of participants. While people make intuitive decisions in accidents, a decision of an autonomous vehicle is made already at the programming stage. Thus, a concrete handling for implementation is needed. Due to a lack of legislation, this is still missing and prevents car manufacturers from a practical solution. The paper at hand addresses this problem by presenting a consensus mechanism, combining moral convictions, legislation, and programming guidelines. Based on a study of dilemma situations, moral principles of the 'correct action' of autonomous vehicles are derived. Of four principles, we confirm one, reject two, and propose one for further research investigation to form a basis for jurisdictions.

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From semi to fully autonomous vehicles: New emerging risks and ethico-legal challenges for human-machine interactions

Cited by 59 publications

References 18 publications

Information Management Challenges in Autonomous Vehicles

Information Management Challenges in Autonomous Vehicles

Legal issues in automated vehicles: critically considering the potential role of consent and interactive digital interfaces

A Moral Consensus Mechanism for Autonomous Driving: Towards a Law-compliant Basis of Logic Programming

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