From small-scale forest structure to Amazon-wide carbon estimates

Rödig, Edna; Knapp, Nikolai; Fischer, Rico; Bohn, Friedrich J.; Dubayah, Ralph; Tang, Hao; Huth, Andreas

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13063-y

Cited by 34 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…For example, one can analyse the influence of microclimate in a forest on carbon dynamics or the influence of speciesspecific water use strategies and how this might affect the water cycle due to changes in interception, precipitation or soil water content [27,67] Individual-based models based on forest inventories including tree size as well as species composition with a species-specific parametrisation enables a transfer to other sites. This approach could also facilitate largescale analysis of carbon flux dynamics on tree level by linking model simulations with remote sensing (e.g., Rödig et al [68]).…”

Section: The Benefit Of Modelling Forest Carbon Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Sequestration in Mixed Deciduous Forests: The Influence of Tree Size and Species Composition Derived from Model Experiments

Holtmann

Huth

Pohl

et al. 2021

Forests

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Forests play an important role in climate regulation due to carbon sequestration. However, a deeper understanding of forest carbon flux dynamics is often missing due to a lack of information about forest structure and species composition, especially for non-even-aged and species-mixed forests. In this study, we integrated field inventory data of a species-mixed deciduous forest in Germany into an individual-based forest model to investigate daily carbon fluxes and to examine the role of tree size and species composition for stand productivity. This approach enables to reproduce daily carbon fluxes derived from eddy covariance measurements (R2 of 0.82 for gross primary productivity and 0.77 for ecosystem respiration). While medium-sized trees (stem diameter 30–60 cm) account for the largest share (66%) of total productivity at the study site, small (0–30 cm) and large trees (>60 cm) contribute less with 8.3% and 25.5% respectively. Simulation experiments indicate that vertical stand structure and shading influence forest productivity more than species composition. Hence, it is important to incorporate small-scale information about forest stand structure into modelling studies to decrease uncertainties of carbon dynamic predictions.

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Section: The Benefit Of Modelling Forest Carbon Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Sequestration in Mixed Deciduous Forests: The Influence of Tree Size and Species Composition Derived from Model Experiments

Holtmann

Huth

Pohl

et al. 2021

Forests

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“…Recent studies (based on individual-based forest growth models) [31,66,67] demonstrated how remote sensing information can be combined with forest models to provide additional information about forests. Forest models simulate the long-term dynamics of forests (based on single trees) and can estimate forest successional states by matching simulated and remotely sensed vertical leaf profiles [66]. Our approach-which is based on related methodological assumptions-thus, also appears promising for estimating the successional state (caused, e.g., by disturbances).…”

Section: Future Applications and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deriving Tree Size Distributions of Tropical Forests from Lidar

et al. 2021

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Remote sensing is an important tool to monitor forests to rapidly detect changes due to global change and other threats. Here, we present a novel methodology to infer the tree size distribution from light detection and ranging (lidar) measurements. Our approach is based on a theoretical leaf–tree matrix derived from allometric relations of trees. Using the leaf–tree matrix, we compute the tree size distribution that fit to the observed leaf area density profile via lidar. To validate our approach, we analyzed the stem diameter distribution of a tropical forest in Panama and compared lidar-derived data with data from forest inventories at different spatial scales (0.04 ha to 50 ha). Our estimates had a high accuracy at scales above 1 ha (1 ha: root mean square error (RMSE) 67.6 trees ha−1/normalized RMSE 18.8%/R² 0.76; 50 ha: 22.8 trees ha−1/6.2%/0.89). Estimates for smaller scales (1-ha to 0.04-ha) were reliably for forests with low height, dense canopy or low tree height heterogeneity. Estimates for the basal area were accurate at the 1-ha scale (RMSE 4.7 tree ha−1, bias 0.8 m² ha−1) but less accurate at smaller scales. Our methodology, further tested at additional sites, provides a useful approach to determine the tree size distribution of forests by integrating information on tree allometries.

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“…The importance of the Amazonian basin as one of the largest ecosystems on Earth is extensive, from being the richest region hosting 25% of global biodiversity to being a huge carbon sink that eliminates up to 20% of excess atmospheric carbon and contributes to the biogeochemical functioning of the Earth system 1 – 3 . The Amazon is exposed to different altering factors such as wind blow-downs 4 , droughts 5 , but also deforestation and intensive fires 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of the zebrafish model to unravel the harmful effects of biomass burning during Amazonian wildfires

Babić

Čižmek

Maršavelski

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Amazonian wildfires in 2019 have raised awareness about rainforest burning due to increased emissions of particulate matter and carbon. In the context of these emissions, by-products of lignin thermal degradation (i.e. methoxyphenols) are often neglected. Methoxyphenols entering the atmosphere may form intermediates with currently unknown reaction mechanisms and toxicity. This study for the first time provides a comprehensive insight into the impact of lignin degradation products [guaiacol, catechol], and their nitrated intermediates [4-nitrocatechol, 4,6-dinitroguaiacol, 5-nitroguaiacol] on zebrafish Danio rerio. Results revealed 4-nitrocatechol and catechol as the most toxic, followed by 4,6DNG > 5NG > GUA. The whole-organism bioassay integrated with molecular modeling emphasized the potential of methoxyphenols to inhibit tyrosinase, lipoxygenase, and carbonic anhydrase, consequently altering embryonic development (i.e. affected sensorial, skeletal, and physiological parameters, pigmentation formation failure, and non-hatching of larvae). The whole-organism bioassay integrated with in silico approach confirmed the harmful effects of lignin degradation products and their intermediates on aquatic organisms, emphasizing the need for their evaluation within ecotoxicity studies focused on aquatic compartments.

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From small-scale forest structure to Amazon-wide carbon estimates

Cited by 34 publications

References 53 publications

Carbon Sequestration in Mixed Deciduous Forests: The Influence of Tree Size and Species Composition Derived from Model Experiments

Carbon Sequestration in Mixed Deciduous Forests: The Influence of Tree Size and Species Composition Derived from Model Experiments

Deriving Tree Size Distributions of Tropical Forests from Lidar

Utilization of the zebrafish model to unravel the harmful effects of biomass burning during Amazonian wildfires

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