From the Liberal to the Practical Arts in American Colleges and Universities: Organizational Analysis and Curricular Change

Fostering caring in undergraduate nursing students: An integrative review

“…[15][16][17] As a result, the number of programs that emphasized practical applications specific to careers or professions have been increasing while fewer students are enrolling in liberal arts courses. [17][18][19] The movement toward greater emphasis on career preparation in higher education has led to shifts in policy and funding. For example, "fast track programs" of education to job placement have led to modifications in course offerings and degree requirements.…”

Who are the early adopters of new academic fields? Comparing four perspectives on the institutionalization of degree granting programs in US four-year colleges and Universities, 1970–2005

“…Higher education scholars have written extensively about the rise of occupational-professional programs (Brint et al 2005;Turner and Bowen 1990), the responsiveness of universities to market signals and donor preferences in the development of new business and technology fields (see, e.g., Engell and Dangerfield 2005;Geiger 2004;Kirp 2003;Washburn 2005); the rise of interdisciplinary research and teaching (see, e.g., Brint et al 2009;Jacobs and Frickel 2009;Klein 1996), and the response of universities to the changing demographic characteristics of students and faculty as an influence on the development of new ''culture and identity'' fields, such as ethnic studies and women's studies (see, e.g., Boxer 1998;Frank et al 1994;Rojas 2007;Tobias 1978).…”

Vocationalization in the Research Intensive University

“…Brint (2002) also stresses that, in a period when total growth experienced by the system was a remarkable 50%, the Liberal Arts sector decreased in absolute terms. Brint et al (2005) report detailed data that support this trend toward vocationalization. Thus, during the last 30 years, there has been, in the United…”