From the liver to the heart: Cardiac dysfunction in obese children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Sessa, Anna Di; Umano, Giuseppina Rosaria; Giudice, Emanuele Miraglia del; Santoro, Nicola

doi:10.4254/wjh.v9.i2.69

Cited by 30 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although in children with end‐stage renal disease pretransplant morbidity is thought to be a major contributing factor to posttransplant CV burden, the situation is less clear‐cut in children with end‐stage liver disease. Data on atherosclerosis in children with liver disease have so far only been published in the context of juvenile nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) . An increase in IMT was shown to be associated not only with the degree of hepatosteatosis but also with features of metabolic syndrome, such as dyslipidemia and impaired glucose tolerance .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data on atherosclerosis in children with liver disease have so far only been published in the context of juvenile nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). (40,41) An increase in IMT was shown to be associated not only with the degree of hepatosteatosis but also with features of metabolic syndrome, such as dyslipidemia and impaired glucose tolerance. (40) No publications exist that describe atherosclerosis in pretransplant cholestatic or cirrhotic liver disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Burden of Subclinical Cardiovascular Target Organ Damage After Pediatric Liver Transplantation

et al. 2019

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Cardiovascular (CV) events account for 8%‐13% of deaths after liver transplantation (LT) in adulthood. Although CV risk factors (RFs) are present, little is known about the prevalence of subclinical CV target organ damage (TOD) in children after LT. The aim of this prospective observational study was to assess the prevalence of subclinical CV TOD in children after LT and to identify RFs contributing to CV damage as potential targets for clinical intervention. In this study, 104 children after LT (54% female, 46% male; aged 11.5 ± 3.8 years) underwent cross‐sectional assessment of subclinical TOD by carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Results were correlated with the presence of CV RFs (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, renal impairment, anemia, and microinflammation). Of the patients, 22% were exposed to 2 CV RFs, and 36% displayed 3 or more CV RFs. Pathological results for PWV, IMT, and LVMI were found in 21.9%, 57.0%, and 11.1% of patients, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.01) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; P = 0.03) were independently associated with PWV, eGFR (P = 0.005), and age at LT (P = 0.048) with IMT and body mass index with LVMI (P = 0.004). In conclusion, patients after pediatric LT carry a substantial burden of subclinical CV TOD. Identification of modifiable CV RFs opens opportunities for targeted intervention in order to reduce CV morbidity and mortality in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Burden of Subclinical Cardiovascular Target Organ Damage After Pediatric Liver Transplantation

et al. 2019

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“…NAFLD is estimated to affect 34% of obese children aged 2–19 years and 10% of the general pediatric population [ 5 ]. Pediatric NAFLD is associated with extrahepatic complications such as early atherosclerosis and cardiac dysfunction [ 6 , 7 ] and abnormal renal function [ 8 ]. Recently, NAFLD has been renamed by some as metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) as the majority of patients with fatty liver have metabolic dysfunction in the form of T2D, dyslipidemia, and increased insulin resistance [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Nutritional Origins and Potential Molecular Mechanisms

et al. 2020

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the number one chronic liver disease worldwide and is estimated to affect nearly 40% of obese youth and up to 10% of the general pediatric population without any obvious signs or symptoms. Although the early stages of NAFLD are reversible with diet and lifestyle modifications, detecting such stages is hindered by a lack of non-invasive methods of risk assessment and diagnosis. This absence of non-invasive means of diagnosis is directly related to the scarcity of long-term prospective studies of pediatric NAFLD in children and adolescents. In the majority of pediatric NAFLD cases, the mechanisms driving the origin and rapid progression of NAFLD remain unknown. The progression from NAFLD to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in youth is associated with unique histological features and possible immune processes and metabolic pathways that may reflect different mechanisms compared with adults. Recent data suggest that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are important new biomarkers underlying pathways of liver injury. Several factors may contribute to pediatric NAFLD development, including high-sugar diets, in utero exposures via epigenetic alterations, changes in the neonatal microbiome, and altered immune system development and mitochondrial function. This review focuses on the unique aspects of pediatric NAFLD and how nutritional exposures impact the immune system, mitochondria, and liver/gastrointestinal metabolic health. These factors highlight the need for answers to how NAFLD develops in children and for early stage-specific interventions.

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“…Metabolic disorders are a major health problem and which associated with a number of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and fatty liver disease (Aguayo et al, 2017;Di Sessa, Umano, Miraglia Del Giudice, & Santoro, 2017;Nieves-Cintron, Syed, Nystoriak, & Navedo, 2018). Increased intake of calorie-rich foods and low physical activity have been regarded as the main causes of metabolic disorders, especially obesity in humans (Garcia-Conesa, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Based serum metabolomics analysis reveals simultaneous interconnecting changes during chicken embryonic development

Peng

et al. 2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Metabolic disorder is a major health problem and is associated with a number of metabolic diseases. Due to native hyperglycaemia and resistance to exogenous insulin, chickens as a model had used in the studies of adipose tissue biology, metabolism and obesity. But no detailed information is available about the comprehensive changes of serum metabolites at different stages of chicken embryonic development. This study employed LC/MS-QTOF to determine the changes of major functional metabolites at incubation day 14 (E14d), 19 (E19d) and hatching day 1 (H1d), and the associated pathways of differential metabolites during chicken embryonic development were analysed using Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis method. Results showed that 39 metabolites were significantly changed from E14d to E19d and 68 metabolites were significantly altered from E19d to H1d in chicken embryos. Protein synthesis was promoted by increasing the concentrations of L-glutamine and threonine, and gonadal development was promoted through increasing oestrone content from E14d to E19d in chicken embryos, which indicated that serum glutamine, threonine and oestrone contents may be considered as the candidate indicators for assessment of early embryonic development. 2-oxoglutaric acid mainly contributed to enhancing the citric cycle, and it plays an important role in improving the growth of chicken embryos at the late development; the decreasing of L-glutamine, L-isoleucine and L-leucine contents from E19d to H1d in chicken embryonic development implied their possible functions as the feed additive during early posthatch period of broiler chickens to satisfy the growth. These results provided insights into understand the roles of serum metabolites at different developmental stages of chicken embryos, it also provides available information for chicken as a model to study metabolic disease or human obesity.

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From the liver to the heart: Cardiac dysfunction in obese children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

High Burden of Subclinical Cardiovascular Target Organ Damage After Pediatric Liver Transplantation

High Burden of Subclinical Cardiovascular Target Organ Damage After Pediatric Liver Transplantation

Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Nutritional Origins and Potential Molecular Mechanisms

Based serum metabolomics analysis reveals simultaneous interconnecting changes during chicken embryonic development

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