2016
DOI: 10.1257/pol.20130399
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From Today's City to Tomorrow's City: An Empirical Investigation of Urban Land Assembly

Abstract: C ities are composed of individual pieces of land called parcels. Just as atoms dictate the properties of matter, parcels dictate the size, shape, and placement of the built infrastructure of which cities are composed. Changes in technology and economic conditions cannot induce fundamental changes to this built infrastructure without changes to parcel boundaries. Thus, the long-run evolution of cities-and the economic growth and innovation they generate-depends upon the ease of modifying parcel boundaries.

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Cited by 51 publications
(59 citation statements)
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“…Kitchens (2014) finds a 5 percent increase in final prices for individuals who holdout, but defines holdouts as individuals who go to court to contest initial price offers. Cunningham (2013) and Brooks and Lutz (2016), who study private developments, find developers pay premiums for land that is meant to be assembled for a future project (an environment where holdouts are likely to emerge) ranging from 18 to 40 percent. The average holdout in this paper earns 7.5 percent more by holding out.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Kitchens (2014) finds a 5 percent increase in final prices for individuals who holdout, but defines holdouts as individuals who go to court to contest initial price offers. Cunningham (2013) and Brooks and Lutz (2016), who study private developments, find developers pay premiums for land that is meant to be assembled for a future project (an environment where holdouts are likely to emerge) ranging from 18 to 40 percent. The average holdout in this paper earns 7.5 percent more by holding out.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Until recently, it has been difficult to study holdouts using field data. Notable exceptions include Brooks and Lutz () and Cunningham (), where the authors attempt to identify the holdout effect by examining whether land meant for assembly trades at a premium, relative to land that was not . Both studies find qualitatively similar results: land meant for assembly trades at a premium.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Moreover, redevelopment may be restricted when landowners do not internalize positive spillover effects from their own reconstruction (Hornbeck & Keniston, ; Rosenthal & Ross, ). In the case of delayed redevelopment, stagnation (or, decay and insufficient growth) may occur in the central locations of the city while city suburbs grow instead (Brooks & Lutz, ).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%