From Traditional to Laser Cleaning Techniques of Parchment Manuscripts: A Review

doi:10.21608/arcs.2020.111216

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Laser beam can result in burn or detachment of the bone surface. While scalpels can cause scratches or cuts, this depends on how the instruments are being used, the state of bone preservation, the nature of the sediments and the degree of its adherence to the bone [48].…”

Section: Laser Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Yandrisevits et al [49], and Abdel-Maksoud et al [48] Q switched Nd:YAG laser at two different wavelengths: 1064 nm (infrared) and 532 nm (green) have been considered successful tool in cleaning iron corrosion.. Yandrisevits et al [49]used An Nd:YAG Qswitched laser at 1064 nm and 532 nm outputs with a pulse duration of 8 ms with a repetition rate of 2 Hz to removing iron rust from composite artifact consists of tiny, flat iron alloy rectangular plates that are riveted to sides of a textile strips and then sewn in overlapping horizontal rows across a bib-shaped textile support with textile back straps and bone collar buttons. Koh [50] said that the possibility of using pulsed near infrared and green Nd: YAG-lasers for cleaning bright and oxidized metallic surfaces seems to be limited by risks of surface melting and blackening due to thermo-and photochemical changes and dehydration effects.…”

Section: Laser Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abdel-Maksoud et al [48] said that there are some advantages for the application of laser cleaning on cultural heritage materials, these advantages are: 1. Selectivity, so the restorer can determine the cleaning procedures time.…”

Section: Laser Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selectivity, so the restorer can determine the cleaning procedures time. [48] also said that there are some disadvantages for the application of laser cleaning on cultural heritage materials, these disadvantages are: 1. Laser cleaning technique has thermal effect, so it can damage fibre structure of parchment manuscript.…”

Section: Laser Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is used for identifying how stains are composed, from a chemical perspective (by the identification of elements), and explain the aspects of deterioration found on the surface of bone artifacts. It is also help for the choose of the effectivness cleaning methods and materials used for stains removal [48]. Is is also used for the evaluation of the conservation materials and methods in the experimental studies.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different Cleaning Techniques for Removal of Iron stain from Archaeological Bone Artifacts: A Review

2021

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Archaeological bone artifacts are found in different locations in Egypt, and they represent multiple values that should be preserved from different deterioration factors. Iron contamination is considered one of the most aspects of deterioration for bones extracted from excavation areas. This study aims to make an integrated study for the first time on the formation of iron rust stain on archaeological bones, explain the aspects and mechanism of its deterioration, explain traditional and advanced techniques of cleaning used for stain removal, and presents the analysis and investigations used to explain the deterioration mechanism or evaluate the materials and methods used in this process. The nature and formation of iron stain and its effect on archaeological bone components were explained. The cleaning techniques (mechanical, chemical, laser, and plasma) for removing it were discussed. Some analyses and investigations [such as different types of microscopes, X-ray fluorescence, Atomic absorption, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, etc.] that can be used in this process were mentioned. The results confirmed that iron is present within sediments can lead to the breakdown of collagen. It can cause an increase in the porosity of bone artifacts. Hydroxyapatite can undergo alterations such as ionic exchange, cationic exchange, and substitution of phosphate with carbonate. All cleaning techniques have many advantages and some disadvantages. The choice of method for cleaning of iron rust stain depends on the condition and size of the bone piece, and on the thickness and nature of the iron stain.

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Section: Laser Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laser Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laser Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laser Cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different Cleaning Techniques for Removal of Iron stain from Archaeological Bone Artifacts: A Review

2021

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Nanodiamond composites: A new material for the preservation of parchment

Palmieri

Cicero

Orazi

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, the application of nanodiamond (ND)‐composites and dispersions as consolidating agents for parchment substrates has been studied. Different nanocomposites and ND‐based dispersions have been tested showing very promising results and making ND a potential high‐performance additive in the field of restoration. The effect of ND treatment on parchment has been evaluated by analyzing the variations in the parchment denaturation temperature, with respect to the untreated samples, by means of the Light Transmission Analysis (LTA), before and after artificial aging. The hydrolysis/gelatinization degree of the collagen molecule has also been analyzed by means of the Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform IR (FTIR‐ATR) spectroscopy on the same samples investigated by LTA. ND composites, at certain concentrations, seem to improve the structural stability of the collagen networking, contrasting the thermo‐hygrometrically induced aging. Therefore, ND has confirmed to be a promising material to be applied for the restoration and conservation of Cultural Heritage.

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Cellulose and gellan gum compresses for cleaning mud and pomegranate stains from a historical printed paper

Hassan,

Mohamed,

Salem

et al. 2024

Discov Appl Sci

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The purpose of the current investigation was to ascertain the efficacy of cellulose and gellan gum in removing pomegranate stains and dirt from a historic printed manuscript from the year 1888 AD. To confirm the efficacy of these compresses before and after treatment, as well as after exposing treated samples to artificial aging, numerous studies including a digital microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), color change (ΔE), and pH were carried out. After cleaning and aging, promising results were obtained. p-Hydroxy benzoic acid, gallic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, quercetin, catechol, and rutin were the most prevalent phytochemicals in the pomegranate stain, which was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The digital microscope and scanning microscope demonstrated that the gellan gum compress was successful in removing stains but severely weakened the paper, resulting in a clear cut of the fibers and substantially removing the inks. In contrast, the cellulose compress effectively removed stains without harming the paper fibers. Both compresses revealed a substantial rise in ΔE in the treated sample. These alterations were connected to a rise in the paper samples' Lightness (L), which was measured after surface debris was removed. As groups remained unaffected after the cleaning procedure, infrared spectrum analysis proved that the chemical structure of the paper had not been altered. However, after cleaning, both compresses, particularly gellan gum, showed an increase in the intensity of peaks at 3400 cm−1 (OH stretching). Additionally, a significant change was seen following treatment, with pH values rising. Gellan gum and cellulose compresses were shown to be quite good at removing acidity, and since pH levels rose after treatment, this suggests that the stain was cleaned up and removed. Based on these findings, we suggest cleaning cellulosic supports with a cellulose compress.

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From Traditional to Laser Cleaning Techniques of Parchment Manuscripts: A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Different Cleaning Techniques for Removal of Iron stain from Archaeological Bone Artifacts: A Review

Different Cleaning Techniques for Removal of Iron stain from Archaeological Bone Artifacts: A Review

Nanodiamond composites: A new material for the preservation of parchment

Cellulose and gellan gum compresses for cleaning mud and pomegranate stains from a historical printed paper

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